Abstract: Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with FOLFOX 4 regimen on patients with carcinoma of rectum. Methods Fifty-two patients after radical resection of rectal carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups. FOLFOX 4 chemotherapy regimen （L-OHP 85mg／m² iv，d₁； CF 200mg／m² iv，d₁-d₂； 5-FU 400mg／m² iv bolus firstly， then 5-FU 600mg／m² iv，d₁-d₂， and two weeks was a cycle） was used in simple chemotherapy group and Rg3combined chemotherapy group underwent Rg3（Rg3 40mg／d po，bid）for 2 months combined with FOLFOX 4. The changes of serum VEGF levels were detected by ELISA method. The quality of life, longterm efficacy and toxicity were evaluated. Results After twomonth treatment，KPS score of Rg3combined chemotherapy group was 75.0±8.3，which was significantly higher than that of simple chemotherapy group （P＜0.05）. Compared with simple chemotherapy group， toxic reactions such as sensory neurotoxicity， naupathia and vomiting were decreased in Rg3-combined chemotherapy group （P＜0.05）. Moreover， serum VEGFs posttreatment of Rg3combined chemotherapy group was 123.26±54.83ng／ml，which was significantly lower than that of simple chemotherapy group （256.71±78.11ng／ml，P＜0.05）. Five-year survival rate of Rg3combined chemotherapy group was 61.4％， which was significantly higher than that of simple chemotherapy group （47.6％，P＜0.05）. Conclusion Rg3 combined with FOLFOX 4 regimen is effective for patients with carcinoma of rectum，is superior to simple FOLFOX 4 chemotherapy， and it can improve quality of life. It may have practical clinical value and worth to study further.