Abstract: Thymoma is the most common neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum that is frequently associated with a variety of paraneoplastic syndromes，ranging from an idolent attitude to the possibility of intra and extrathoracic spread. Complete resection is the gold standard at any stage，especially for more aggressive lesions. Surgery is usually considered with a multimodality approach，involving induction and adjuvant therapy. A number of prognostic factors have been validated as predictors of outcome： Masaoka staging，World Health Organization histological classification，completeness of resection，diameter of the tumor，associated paraneoplastic syndromes，involvement of the great vessels, lymph nodes and early onset of recurrence. There is no agreement on the optimum adjuvant therapy and the target population. This review summarizes recent progress in the treatment of thymoma.