Abstract: Objective To explore the infection status of hepatitis B virus（HBV） in multiple myeloma（MM） and clinical characteristics of HBV surface antigen（HBsAg）-positive MM patients. Methods The serologic markers of hepatitis B virus（HBV）was detected in 196 patients with MM and 48 697 cases of healthy controls by an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The serum concentration of HBV-DNA was determined by polymerase chain reaction（PCR）. Results Five out of 196 MM patients（2.6％）were HBsAg-positive, showing no difference with health controls（3.4%）. The HBV serologic markers in five HBsAgpositive MM patients were all HBsAg-， HBeAb- and HBcAb-positive. Two patients'HBV-DNA copy number＞1000, and lamivudine was given. Five patients were given antiMM treatment，and no one showed abnormal liver function and HBV activation. Conclusion There was no correlation between MM and HBV infection. The effect of anti-MM treatment on the HBV activation and liver function might not be apparent，and it needs to be further studied.