Abstract: BRAF mutation is one of driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）. BRAF mutation rate is about 0.5％～4.9％， and more than half of BRAF mutation is V600E. BRAF mutation occurs more commonly in female patients with adenocarcinoma， and the mutation rate is much lower in Asian people. The clinical significance of coexistence of BRAF mutation and other mutations， such as EGFR and K-Ras mutations was yet unknown. Given the huge global burden of lung cancer， progress of BRAF mutation studies hold significant importance， despite its low mutation rate overall. Currently， several BRAF inhibitors are being studied in clinical trials for patients with NSCLC. This review is intended to outline the recent advances of BRAF mutation and its targeted therapy in NSCLC.