Abstract: There is no standard therapy for radioiodinerefractory differentiated thyroid cancer which do not respond to traditional therapies. Recently， a number of genetic alterations have been described in thyroid cancer， which provides an unprecedented opportunity for the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers as well as novel therapeutic targets. Novel molecular-targeted treatments hold great promise for radioiodine-refractory and surgically inoperable thyroid cancer as shown in the most recent clinical trials and meta-analysis. This review is to outline the modern thyroid cancer medicine from a clinical perspective， focusing on the latest advances in molecular-targeted therapy.