Abstract: Objective To explore the expression and clinical pathology of mitochondrial hormone receptor P28 mRNA（MT-P28 mRNA）in thyroid carcinoma tissue and nodular goiter tissue. Methods MT-P28 mRNA expression levels of 31 thyroid carcinoma tissues and 31 nodular goiter tissues were detected by quantitative PCR（QPCR）. ResultsThe mRNA level of MT-P28 in the tissue of nodular goiter patients was 1.57±0.14， higher than 0.56±0.14 of its counterparts of the lesion side tissue with statistically significant（P＜0.05）. The mRNA level of MT-P28 in the thyroid cancer patients was 1.73±0.30， higher than 0.75±0.14 of the corresponding adjacent normal tissues with statistically significant（P＜0.05）. MT-P28 mRNA level raised obviously in 31 cases of nodular goiter， and it was（2.65±0.64）times of that in the adjacent normal tissue， and the difference was statistically significant（P＜0.05）.The level of MT-P28 mRNA raised obviously in 31 cases of thyroid carcinoma compared to that of the para-tumorous tissue. The relative ratio of level of MT-P28 mRNA was 4.20±0.73 between thyroid carcinoma tissue and their paratumorous tissue， and the difference was statistically significant（P＜0.05）. MT-P28 mRNA was related with lymph node metastasis and clinical pathologicstaging（P＜0.05）， but not with gender， age and tumor size（P＞0.05）. Conclusion MT-P28 mRNA has different expression levels in benign and malignant thyroid tumors. MT-P28 mRNA levels may have a promoting role in thyroid malignant lesions. It may serve as a diagnosis and differential diagnosis value for thyroid carcinoma.