Abstract: Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of aprepitant on the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by platinum-based chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with lung cancer. Methods A total of 44 cases of patients with lung cancer treated by platinum-based chemotherapy enrolled from January 2014 to December 2014 in Department of Thoracic Oncology， Beijing Cancer Hospital. Self-control comparative study on the antiemetic efficacy of aprepitant used or not in the chemotherapy was performed. At the same time， the maintenance of antiemetic effect of aprepitant was evaluated in multiple chemotherapy cycles. ResultsThe incidence of acute nausea and vomiting of granisetron and dexamethasone was 50.0％， while the incidence of delayed nausea and vomiting was 81.8％. The incidence of acute nausea and vomiting of aprepitant， granisetron and dexamethasone was 25.0％， while the incidence of delayed nausea and vomiting was 47.7％. The effective control rate of acute nausea and vomiting of aprepitant， granisetron and dexamethasone was 90.9％； while the effective control rate of delayed nausea and vomiting was 77.8％. The antiemetic effect of aprepitant was better in multiple chemotherapy cycles without significant difference. The main adverse reactions and their incidences caused by Aprepitant were anorexia， fatigue， constipation and diarrhea， respectively. These adverse reactions except for anorexia had significant differences before and after chemotherapy（P＜0.05）through self-control comparative analysis. Conclusion Aprepitant can effectively reduce the incidence of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting caused by platinum-based chemotherapy and the adverse reactions were tolerable.