Abstract: Primary hepatocarcinoma is one of the most common and aggressive human malignant tumors. miRNAs are a series of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expressions in the post-transcriptional level. Research have found that miRNA acts as cancer gene or tumorsuppressor genes and plays an important role in the origin and development of the tumor.Evidence shows that in the primary hepatocarcinoma, there are some aberrant expression miRNAs which target multiple genes and signaling pathways related to hepatocarcinoma development so as to widely adjust the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis， invasion and metastasis and other important pathological processes of evolution in the tumor cells. The discovery of abnormal expression miRNAs and their functional targets not only enrich the pathogenesis of hepatocarcinoma, but also make the new gene targeting treatment possible.miRNA expression profile still closely related with clininincal pathologic process of liver cancer such as pathological type，degree of malignancy，stages，classification indicating miRNA may be used as either diagnosis and individual therapy or prognosis tools.In this paper we reviewed the latest research about miRNA and their targets which play key roles in hepatocarcinoma development，diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognosis.