Abstract: Venous thromboembolism（VTE） is a common complication and one of the most leading causes of death in patients with cancer. In addition to surgery and prolonged hospital stays， chemotherapy is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for VTE in patients with cancer. VTE will increase the morbidity and mortality in cancer patients， influence the antitumor effects and aggravate the medical resources and patients’ economic burdens. Recently， risk prediction models are used for effective assessment of the risk factors for VTE. More and more clinical trials show benefits of prophylaxis and treatment for cancer patients.