Abstract: Primary vaginal cancer is very rare， accounting for about 1％ to 2％ of all neoplasm of the female genitals. Given to its rarity， there is no large sample prospective study， and the standard treatment pattern for primary vaginal cancer is still undefined. The treatment methods， including surgery， radiation therapy， chemotherapy and comprehensive therapy， refers to the therapy of cervical and vulva cancer. It emphasizes on individualization. This article aims to sum up the related studies of treatment for primary vaginal cancer in recent years， including the using of laparoscopic technique in vaginal cancer surgery， vagina reconstruction after surgery and the using of three-dimension radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy as to provide reference for the treatment of primary vaginal cancer.