Abstract: Objective To analyze the risk factors of female breast cancer between Uyghur and Han nationalities in Xinjiang， and to provide guidance or intervention based on risk factors of different nationalities. Methods By adopting 1∶1 casecontrol matched study，it conducted unified questionnaire investigation among selected 400 woman patients with breast cancer（200 Uyghur and 200 Han patients respectively），and 400 health control women（200 Uyghur and 200 Han women respectively），and the risk factors for breast cancer were evaluated by the way of univariateχ2 statsistic analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis. Results Multivariate analysis showed that taking estrogencontaining health products，frequent chicken and roast meat take（≥250 g／week）and benign breast disease history were risk factors for Han patients with breast cancer（P＜0.05，OR＞1）; while older age at menarche（＞12 years old），breast feed，consumption of alcohol（≥8 gram per week）and physical exercise were protective factors（P＜.05，OR＜1）. Pregnancy times（＞twice），educational background（＞high school），benign breast disease history and breast cancer family history were risk factors for Uyghur patients（P＜0.05，OR＞1）; while older age at menarche（＞12 years old）， breastfeed， and physical exercise were protective factors（P＜0.05， OR＜1）. Conclusion There are differences in risk factors for breast cancer between Uyghur and Han nationalities in Xinjiang. Study on those risk factors can provide references for reasonable， individual prevention strategy.