Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between superoxide dismutase 2（SOD2） gene polymorphism and platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）. Methods The polymorphisms of five SOD2 variants（rs7855，rs5746151， rs5746136， rs2758331 and rs4880） were detected by direct sequencing in peripheral blood DNA of 162 patients with NSCLC receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Among the 162 patients， 43 cases received docetaxe plus cisplatinum regimen，63 cases received gemcitabine plus cisplatinum regimen， and 56 cases received pemetrexed plus cisplatinum regimen. After 2 cycles， the patients were divided into chemotherapy sensitive group（CR+PR）and non-sensitive group（SD+PD） by using the RECIST 1.0 standard. The relationship between different efficacy and clinical pathological parameters， as well as the above polymorphisms were analyzed. Results The frequencies of rs7855， rs5746151， rs5746136， rs2758331 and rs4880 loci in 162 patients with NSCLC were in line with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05）. After 2 cycles of chemotherapy， there were 43 cases of PR， 68 cases of SD and 51 cases of PD. The patients were divided into 43 cases of sensitivity group and 119 patients of non-sensitivity group. The sensitivity rate was 26.5%. There was no relation of chemotherapy sensitivity with age，sex，pathological type，clinical stage，ECOG score and chemotherapy regimen. In the rs7855，rs5746151， rs5746136 and rs2758331 sites of SOD2，genotypes and alleles had no significant influence on chemotherapy sensitivity. There were little risks of the mutant allele relative to the wildtype allele or genotype carrying a mutation allele to wild type homozygotes（P>0.05）. The sensitive rates of TT，TC and CC genotypes in SOD2 rs4880 were 42.1%，19.6% and 16.7% with statistical difference（P<0.05）. The sensitive rates of T and C allele were 35.2% and 17.6%，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Taking wild type TT as the reference，the risks of less sensitive were increased in TC and CC genotypes（P<0.05）. Taking T allele as the reference， the risk of less sensitive was increased in C allele（P<0.05）. Conclusion SOD2 rs4880 polymorphism is associated with the efficacy of platinum containing regimen in patients with NSCLC. The risk of patients carrying the mutant allele not sensitive to chemotherapy is high， and rs4880 SOD2 polymorphism can be used to predict the efficacy of advanced NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based regimen.