Chinese Clinical Oncology

Effects of HMGB2 silencing on proliferation， apoptosis, invasion and migration of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231

LIU Aihui， LI Xiunan， WANG Gangyue， TANG Xin， DONG Yi， JI Nan， KANG Hua.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 1.

Abstract ( 532 )

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Breast cancer；High-mobility group box 2（HMGB2）；Proliferation；Apoptosis；Invasion；Migration

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Experimental study of lobaplatin on the effect of the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular cercinoma cell line HepG2

CIDAN Wangjiu， ZHAO Xiangxuan， LIN Kun， ZHANG Qiang， LU Zaiming， WANG Xiaoming.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 6.

Abstract ( 426 )

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Objective To investigate the effect of lobaplatin （LBP） on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatic cancer cell line HepG2 and possible mechanisms. Methods Logarithmic growth phase HepG2 cells were used for study. Different concentrations of LBP （0， 2.5， 5， 10， 20 μmol／L） treated HepG2 cells for 48 hours. General morphological changes were observed under an optical microscope. MTS assay was used to detect the relative viability of HepG2 cells， and IC50 （50％ inbibiting concentration） was calculated. Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry based on Annexin V-PI double staining were used to measure the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression changes of Bax， Bak， Bcl-2， Bcl-XL，Mcl-1， Survivin and PARP-1 protein. Results Cell morphological observation showed LBP treated HepG2 cells for 48 hours with the increase of drug concentration the HepG2 cell density decreased， the number of swelling cytoplasm and floating rounded cells increased significantly. Hoechst33258 staining to test the typical apoptotic cells with nuclear fragmentation or nuclear condensation showed that LBP induced apoptosis， in a dose-dependent manner. MTS assay indicated LBP greatly inhibited HepG2 cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The proliferation rates of HepG2 cells treated with 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L LBP for 48 h were （92.11±1.79）％，（65.87±1.78）％，（51.57±0.81）％ and （33.11±1.47）％. After LBP treatment HepG2 cell for 48 hours the value of IC50 was 13.28 μmol／L. The apoptotic rates of HepG2 cells treated with 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L LBP for 48 h were （11.64±0.85）%, （20.99±2.21）%, （33.02±2.30）% and （40.77±1.58）%. The difference was significant between LBP treat group and control group （P＜0.05）. Western blotting analysis showed that 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L LBP down-regulated Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 protein expression， whereas upregulated Bax， Bid and PARP-1 expression. Bcl-XL， Bak and Survivin protein expression was not changed. Conclusion LBP significantly exerts anti-cancer effects through inducing cell growth inhibition and apoptosis， the possible mechanism is related to the regulation of apoptosis related proteins including Bax， Bid， Bcl-2 and Mcl-1.

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Experimental study of metformin inverses cisplatin-resistance of human ovarian cancer cell line

WANG Xiaoxia， YIN Shuqin， KANG Jiali， YUAN Jin.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 12.

Abstract ( 425 )

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Objective To study the reversal effect and mechanism of metformin on cisplatin resistant human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3／DDP. Methods The growth inhibitory effects of cisplatin on parental group SKOV3 cell，cisplatin group SKOV3／DDP cell and combination group SKOV3／DDP cell were detected with CCK-8 assay，and the half maximal inhibitory concentration（IC50），resistance index and reversal index were calculated. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis related protein expressions were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and Western blotting method. Results SKOV3 cells and SKOV3／DDP cells were inhibited by different concentrations of metformin for 24 h，in concentration dependent manner（P＜0.05）. When metformin＞5 mmol／L， the proliferation inhibition rate of SKOV3／DDP cells was higher than that of SKOV3 cells （P＜0.05）. The IC50 of cisplatin on parental group SKOV3 cell and cisplatin group SKOV3／DDP cell and combination group SKOV3／DDP cell were 15.25 μg／ml，118.68 μg／ml and 73.45 μg／ml，respectively.The resistance index of cisplatin group SKOV3／DDP cell and combination group SKOV3／DDP cell were 7.78 and 4.81，respectively.The reversal index of metformin on the resistance of cisplatin was 1.62. The relative expression level of GRP78 mRNA of SKOV3/DDP in cisplatin group， metformin group and combination group were 0.93±0.02， 0.68±0.02， 0.49±0.07. Compared with control group （0.83±0.04）， combination group significantly decreased expression， followed by metformin group， cisplatin group was increased （P＜0.05）； the expression of GRP78 protein level was consistent with mRNA expression in each group （P＜0.05）. The expression of CHOP protein in cisplatin group， metformin group and combined medication group were 0.42±0.03， 0.69±0.03， 0.84±0.01， respectively， which were higher than that of the control group （0.39±0.05）. The difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Conclusion Metformin may regulate the cisplatin-resistance in ovarian carcinoma by endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）， in which metformin decrease the expression of GRP78 and increase the expression of CHOP.

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The expression of lncRNA MEG3 and its relationship with prognosis of small cell lung cancer

ZHENG Zhigang， HAN Jun， LIAO Jihong.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 17.

Abstract ( 489 )

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Objective To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA MEG3（lncRNA MEG3） in small cell lung cancer（SCLC）and its correlation with prognosis. Methods Ninety-two cases of SCLC tissue from January 2012 to December 2015 were enrolled in this study. The expression of lncRNA MEG3 of SCLC tissues， adjacent normal tissues and normal lung tissues were detected by QPCR. The correlation of lncRNA MEG3 with clinicopathological characteristics as well as prognosis was analyzed. Results Compared with adjacent normal tissue（4.082±0.86）and normal lung tissues（4.209±0.82）， the expression of lncRNA MEG3 in 92 cases of tumor tissue （2.071±0.97） was significantly decreased. The expression of lncRNA MEG3 was related with stage， distant metastasis and survival status （P＜0.05）， but not with gender and ages （P＞0.05）. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the median progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with low expression of lncRNA MEG3 was 8 months and 21 months， lower than 21 months and 32 months of patients with high expression of lncRNA MEG3 （P＜0.001）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that MEG3 expression， stage and distant metastasis were independent factors influencing OS. Conclusion LncRNA MEG3 is involved in the development of SCLC， and can be used as a molecular biomarker for prognostic prediction of the evaluate SCLC.

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The expression of ARID1B in triple negative breast cancer and its clinical significance

WANG Yifan， ZHANG Yanqiu， LI Yongfei， ZHANG Yanhong， YIN Yongmei.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 22.

Abstract ( 460 )

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ObjectiveTo investigate the expression levels of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B（ARID1B） in triple negative breast cancer（TNBC） and its clinical significance. Methods The expression status of ARID1B in TNBC， non-TNBC and adjacent normal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and the correlation between the expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with TNBC was analyzed. Results ARID1B protein expression was higher in 150 breast cancer tissues as compared to 30 adjacent normal tissues（57.5％ vs. 13.3％， P＜0.001）. The positive expression rate of ARID1B in 90 TNBC and 30 non-TNBC group were 61.1％（55／90）and 33.3％（10／30）， respectively， with a significant difference（P=0.007）. The expression levels of ARID1B were remarkably associated with age， tumor size， histological grade and Ki-67 index（P＜0.05）， while not related to lymph node metastasis， TNM stage and the expression of p53（P＞0.05） in TNBC. Particularly， compared to low-grade tumors， ARID1B displayed more bounteously expression in high-grade TNBC（P＜0.001）. The median overall survival（OS） time in TNBC patients with high ARID1B expression was 27.9 months（95％CI：25.1-30.8 months）， lower than 49.1 months（95％CI：40.2-57.9 months）of TNBC patients with low ARID1B expression（P＜0.05）. Conclusion ARID1B is highly expressed in TNBC and its expression is significantly associated with age， tumor size， histological grade， Ki-67 index and survival， which might serve as a promising biomarker for TNBC prognostic evaluation and treatment.

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Effect of ribonucleic acid Ⅱ on anastrozole-related joint symptoms in postmenopausal breast cancer patients

MA Wenjie， ZHANG Zhongbai， GAO Kun， WANG Jingxuan， ZHANG Qingyuan.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 26.

Abstract ( 334 )

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Objective To investigate the effect of immunomodulator ribonucleic acid Ⅱ on anastrozole-related joint symptoms. Methods A total of 156 postmenopausal women patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ breast cancer and anastrozole-related joint symptoms were enrolled. These patients were divided into two groups： One group were treated by ribonucleic acid Ⅱ（200 mg， intravenous infusion， 1 time a day）as the experimental group， the other was treated by saline as the control group. The degree of symptom change was evaluated by FACT-G and WOMAC. The levels of serum cytokines（IFN-γ and IL-4）， the bone gla protein（BGP）， bone alkaline phosphatase（BALP） and I collagen carboxyl-terminal propeptide（CICP） of bone metabolism were detected by ELISA method. Results In comparison with the control group， ribonucleic acid Ⅱ significantly reduced the severity of musculoskeletal symptoms and pain， and also improved the quality of life（P＜0.05）. In ribonucleic acid Ⅱ group， the blood level of IL-4 was increased， whereas IFN-γ was decreased（P＜0.05）. as well as， the indexes of bone metabolism BALP and CICP were significantly lower than those in the control group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Ribonucleic acid Ⅱ could improve aromatase inhibitor related musculoskeletal symptoms by the role of immunity adjustment.

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Clinical value of expression of thyroid hormone receptor mitochondrial P28 in benign and malignant thyroid tumor

LI Shiliang， SUN Fenfen， XU Lei， SHAO Guoan， MA Binlin.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 31.

Abstract ( 344 )

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Objective To explore the expression and clinical pathology of mitochondrial hormone receptor P28 mRNA（MT-P28 mRNA）in thyroid carcinoma tissue and nodular goiter tissue. Methods MT-P28 mRNA expression levels of 31 thyroid carcinoma tissues and 31 nodular goiter tissues were detected by quantitative PCR（QPCR）. ResultsThe mRNA level of MT-P28 in the tissue of nodular goiter patients was 1.57±0.14， higher than 0.56±0.14 of its counterparts of the lesion side tissue with statistically significant（P＜0.05）. The mRNA level of MT-P28 in the thyroid cancer patients was 1.73±0.30， higher than 0.75±0.14 of the corresponding adjacent normal tissues with statistically significant（P＜0.05）. MT-P28 mRNA level raised obviously in 31 cases of nodular goiter， and it was（2.65±0.64）times of that in the adjacent normal tissue， and the difference was statistically significant（P＜0.05）.The level of MT-P28 mRNA raised obviously in 31 cases of thyroid carcinoma compared to that of the para-tumorous tissue. The relative ratio of level of MT-P28 mRNA was 4.20±0.73 between thyroid carcinoma tissue and their paratumorous tissue， and the difference was statistically significant（P＜0.05）. MT-P28 mRNA was related with lymph node metastasis and clinical pathologicstaging（P＜0.05）， but not with gender， age and tumor size（P＞0.05）. Conclusion MT-P28 mRNA has different expression levels in benign and malignant thyroid tumors. MT-P28 mRNA levels may have a promoting role in thyroid malignant lesions. It may serve as a diagnosis and differential diagnosis value for thyroid carcinoma.

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Experimental study of prediction of p21-actived kinase 5 on chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma

WANG Yaling， SU Yang， YIN Junyi， ZHOU Yan， HU Haiyan， MIN Daliu.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 36.

Abstract ( 368 )

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Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of p21-actived kinase 5（PAK5）in osteosarcoma tissue and sensitivity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy，and whether the activation of PAK5 is involved in regulating the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to chemotherapy at cellular level. Methods PAK5 expression in biopsy tissues of 74 osteosarcoma patients were detected by immunohistochemistry.The relationship between PAK5 expression and clinicopathological features of osteosarcoma was analyzed. siRNA-PAK5 was design and synthezed，and it was transferred into Saos-2 and MG63 cells. PAK5 mRNA and protein was detected by QPCR and Westem blotting. Saos-2 and MG63 cell were treated with different concentrations of adriamycin（ADM 50, 25, 5, 0.5 μmol/L） and methotrexate（MTX 50, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.05 μmol/L） respectively. Cell proliferation inhibtion rate was detected by CCK-8 assay. The difference of half inhibiton concentration （IC50） of osteosarcoma cells after transfection of siRNA-PAK5 was analyzed. Results In total of 74 osteosarcomatissues， PAK5 was positive in 57 case.The expression of PAK5 was related to the tumor necrosis rate after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and lung metastasis.The levels of PAK5 mRNA in the transfected group were decreased to 29％ and 31％ in the non transfection group， respectively；Western blotting showed that the expression of PAK5 protein in transfected group was lower than that in non transfected group by 49％ and 42％. After transfeced with siRNA-PAK5， the IC50 of ADM in Saos-2 and MG63 were decreased from（8.35±0.07）μmol／L，（7.35±0.07）μmol／L to（0.54±0.004）μmol／L，（0.50±0.002）μmol／L， respectively；the IC50 of MTX in Saos-2 and MG63 were decreased from（1.255±0.021）μmol／L，（1.05±0.014）μmol／L to（0.606±0.01）μmol／L，（0.72±0.014）μmol／L，respectively. Conclusion The expression of PAK5 in osteosarcoma is related to the sensitivity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy， inhibiting the expression of PAK5 in osteosarcoma cells， which can improve the sensitivity of chemotherapy.

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Meta analysis of PET／CT in evaluating prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

LIANG Lili， CEN Hong，TAN Xiaohong， GUO Baoping， XIONG Chun，MA Zhi，HE Sha， HUANG Dan， XIE Shuqiong.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 41.

Abstract ( 431 )

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Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of PET／CT in the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma（DLBCL）. Methods All studies published up from January 2000 to March 2015 on the PET／CT in evaluating prognosis of DLBCL were searched from PubMed，Wan fang， Cochrane library， EMBASE，CNKI and Medline database. The STATA11.0 data analysis software was used for meta analysis. The effect of the volume was represented by 95％ confidence intervals （CI）. The efficacy data included the maximum standard uptake value（SUVmax） of the middle phase treatment and the SUVmax and metabolic tumor volume （MTV） at the end phase treatment. A meta analysis of the relationship between prognosis of DLBCL patients with these parameters was performed to generate combined hazard ratios （HRs） with 95％ CI for overall survival （OS） and progression free survival（PFS）. Results Eleven studies， with 1068 patients in total diagnosed pathological types of DLBCL， were included for analysis. In the middle phase treatment （after 2-4 cycles of chemotherapy）， the HR of PET／CT SUVmaxin evaluating the PFS of DLBCL patients was［1.5 （1.12-2.01）， P=0.007］. In the end phase treatment （after 6-8 cycles of chemotherapy）， the HR of PET／CT SUVmaxin evaluating the PFS of DLBCL patients was［1.30 （0.74-2.29）， P=0.369］； the HR of PET／CT SUVmax in evaluating OS was［1.75 （0.74-4.17）， P=0.204］. In the end phase treatment， the HR of PET／CT MTV in valuating PFS of DLBCL patients was［2.17 （1.46-3.24）， P=0.000）］. The HR of PET／CT MTV in valuating the OS was［2.99 （1.91-4.69）， P=0.000］. Conclusion PET／CT SUVmax of middle treatment can be predicted PFS of patients with DLBCL. At the end of the treatment period， MTV of PET／CT can be predicted PFS and OS，but PET／CT SUVmax cannot be predicted PFS and OS.

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Comparative study of CEUS and CECT in the diagnosis of liver cancer lesion size

JIN Weikui， SI Qin.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 48.

Abstract ( 395 )

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Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of contrast enhanced ultrasound（CEUS） and contrast enhanced X-ray computed tomography（CECT） in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with different tumor sizes. Methods The data of 197 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma of our hospital from June 2013 to June 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The nidus of all patients were single，in which the maximum diameter was 3.0-5.0 cm as medium hepatocellular carcinoma group（A）， and the others was in nonmedium hepatocellular carcinoma group（B）. CEUS and CECT were done in all the 197 patients, including 96 patients in group A, and the other 101 patients in group B. The χ2 test was used to compare the CEUS and CECT in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with different sizes.
ResultsThe area under the curve of CEUS and CECT in the 197 cases were 0.774 and 0.706 respectively， whose difference was not statistically significant（P＞0.05）. However， in group A， the specificity by CEUS was 80.6％-85.8％， and the sensitivity was 73.2％-91.6％；while the specificity by CECT was 65.1％-77.2％， and the sensitivity was 63.2％-85.3％. The accuracy rates of CEUS and CECT in group B were 92.1% and 91.1%（P＞0.05）. The accuracy rates of CEUS and CECT in group A were 97.9% and 89.6%（P＜0.05）. Conclusion For the measurement of the size of liver cancer lesions, especially in the liver cancer patients with medium size liver lessions, preoperative selection of CEUS has higher application value.

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The relationship between 18F-FDG PET／CT metabolic parameters and clinicopathological factors of colorectal cancer

DING Chongyang， LI Tiannv， SUN Jin.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 53.

Abstract ( 431 )

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Objective To investigate the correlation between metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET／CT and clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer（CRC）. Methods The study comprised 84 patients with colorectal cancer. All patients were underwent 18F-FDG PET／CT before surgery. Maximum standardized uptake value（SUVmax）， mean standardized uptake value（SUVmean）and metabolic tumor volume（MTV） of primary lesion were measured， and total lesion glycolysis（TLG） was calculated. Relationship between metabolic parameters and clinicapathological factors was analyzed. Results SUVmax， SUVmean， MTV and TLG of 84 primary lesions were 11.79（5.36，29.48）， 7.11（3.10，19.51）， 14.67（3.22，54.77）cm3 and 96.47（13.18，936.93）g， respectively. SUVmax， SUVmean， MTV and TLG were related to the tumor location， differentiation degree and the maximum diameter（P＜0.05）.T stage were both positively correlation with all metabolic parameters（r=0.318，r=0.281，r=0.390，r=0.416，P＜0.05）. Only the TLG was positively correlation with clinical stage（r=0.355，P=0.001）. Conclusion Metabolic parameters of CRC primary lesion have good correlation with clinicopathological factors， and can reflect partial characteristics of the tumor pathology in a certain extent.

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Study of the intra-fractional setup errors for cervical or upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma in VMAT and IMRT

HUANG Dabei， GUO Jici， LI Zhen， YU Jianrong， ZHANG Zhigao.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 58.

Abstract ( 349 )

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Objective To compare the intra-fractional setup errors between volumetric modulated arc therapy（VMAT） and static intensity modulated radiotherapy（IMRT） for cervical or upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Methods Fifty cervical or upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients were selected in this study. VMAT plans with two single arcs and IMRT with nine fields designed for each patients. Patients received cone-beam computed tomography（CBCT） scans before initial setup， after re-positioning and after radiation delivery. The CBCT images were registered to the planning CT images， then the intra-fractional setup errors were obtained and the differences were analyzed. Results In IMRT group， the after re-positioning error was（0.63±0.47）mm，（0.84±0.35）mm，（0.67±0.41）mm at X， Y， Z axes，the after radiation delivery was（1.01±0.42）mm，（1.08±0.89）mm，（1.07±0.70）mm，respectively. The latter was higher than the former， and the difference was statistically significant（P＜0.05）. In VMAT group， the after re-positioning error was（0.62±0.50）mm，（0.78±0.40）mm，（0.72±0.54）mm at X， Y， Z axes，the after radiation delivery was（0.71±0.52）mm，（0.84±0.41）mm，（0.79±0.63）mm， respectively. The latter was little higher than the former， and the difference was no statistical significance（P＞0.05）. The average error in X，Y，Z axes of both groups were increased， and the statistical datas of IMRT group were higher than the VMAT（P＜0.05）. The treatment time and monitor units in VMAT group were （2.85±0.73）min and 589.00±63.00, which was better then （8.14±1.06）min and 792.00±83.00 in IMRT group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion VMAT could greatly shorten the treatment time， reduce the influence of uncertain factors and patients discomfort， effectively reduce the intra-fractional setup errors. In addition， the error was gradually increased with the increasing of treatment time.

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Clinical observation of open vertebroplasty in the treatment of thoracolumbar metastasis

YUAN Zhenchao， WU Zhenjie， HE Juliang， LIN Xiang， GUAN Jian， LIU Bin， MO Hao.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 62.

Abstract ( 322 )

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Objective To investigate the clinical application and efficacy of open posterior vertebroplasty in treatment of thoracolumbar metastatic tumor. Methods From January 2013 to March 2015， forty-five patients with thoracolumbar metastatic tumor were treated by the operation of posterior spinal canal decompression tumor resection within the fixation of a short segment pedicle screw and bone cement vertebral reconstruction under direct vision. The lumbar-back pain （VAS score） and neurological damage （Frankel classification） were assessed and compared before treatment and 1 month after treatment. Results Forty-five patients were safe perioperative period. Thirty-three patients have varying degrees of low back pain disappeared in 11 cases， 22 cases of remission. Twenty-six cases with preoperative neurological disorders （79％） obtain improved neurological function. There was no intraoperative neurological damage caused by bone cement. The preoperative and postoperative 1 month VAS score were 8.02±0.51， 2.7±0.34， and the differences were statistically significant （P＜0.01）. Forty-four cases were followed up and 1 patient lost to follow. The durations of followed up ranged from 7 to 32 months， an average of 16 months. There were 35 cases died， including 3 cases within 6 months， 18 deaths in 7 to 12 months， 11 cases in 1 to 2 years， 3 cases in more than 2 years. Nine patients survived， 5 cases in 6 to 12 months， and 4 cases in 1 to 2 years. During follow-up， no bone cement sink， loose vertebrae collapse and angled forward was found. Conclusion The operation of posterior spinal canal decompression tumor resection within the fixation of a short segment pedicle screw and bone cement vertebral reconstruction under direct vision are simple and safe. It not only effectively relieve and reduce pain， but also maintain the stability of the spine， and provide a effective therapeutic method for improving the survival of patients with spinal metastatic tumor.

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Clinical observation of ⅠE stage non-conjunctival primary ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma（POAML） treated with radiotherapy

ZHAO Shuixi， CAO Jingxu， XIAO Lihua.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 66.

Abstract ( 356 )

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Objective To evaluate dose effect and prognosis of radiotherapy for ⅠE stage non-conjunctival primary ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma （POAML）. Methods The data of 33 patients （42 eyes） with non-conjunctival POAML from Nov. 2003 to Mar. 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Results When the irradiation doses were 18 Gy and 27 Gy， the remission rates of WHO criteria were 31％ and 42.9％（P=0.258）， respectively. The remission rates of RECIST criteria were 28.6％ and 38.1％（P=0.355）， respectively. Thirty-three patients with local control rate was 100％.The 5-， 10-year survival rates and disease-free survival rate of the patients were 96.8％， 84.7％ and 89.6％， 89.6％. The 5-，10-year survival rates of patients received 30.6 Gy and 27 Gy were 100％， 95.7％， 80％ and 95.7％（P=0.8578）； 5 years and 10 years disease-free survival rates were 83.3％， 91.1％， 83.3％ and 91.1％（P=0.6497）. Conclusion Non conjunctiva POAML is sensitive to radiotherapy. 27 Gy irradiation dose can achieve better local control and long-term survival. Exploring the optimal dose of radiation requires a prospective large dose effect study.

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Clinical observation of aprepitant for prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients

LI Shenke， AN Tongtong.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 70.

Abstract ( 343 )

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of aprepitant on the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by platinum-based chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with lung cancer. Methods A total of 44 cases of patients with lung cancer treated by platinum-based chemotherapy enrolled from January 2014 to December 2014 in Department of Thoracic Oncology， Beijing Cancer Hospital. Self-control comparative study on the antiemetic efficacy of aprepitant used or not in the chemotherapy was performed. At the same time， the maintenance of antiemetic effect of aprepitant was evaluated in multiple chemotherapy cycles. ResultsThe incidence of acute nausea and vomiting of granisetron and dexamethasone was 50.0％， while the incidence of delayed nausea and vomiting was 81.8％. The incidence of acute nausea and vomiting of aprepitant， granisetron and dexamethasone was 25.0％， while the incidence of delayed nausea and vomiting was 47.7％. The effective control rate of acute nausea and vomiting of aprepitant， granisetron and dexamethasone was 90.9％； while the effective control rate of delayed nausea and vomiting was 77.8％. The antiemetic effect of aprepitant was better in multiple chemotherapy cycles without significant difference. The main adverse reactions and their incidences caused by Aprepitant were anorexia， fatigue， constipation and diarrhea， respectively. These adverse reactions except for anorexia had significant differences before and after chemotherapy（P＜0.05）through self-control comparative analysis. Conclusion Aprepitant can effectively reduce the incidence of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting caused by platinum-based chemotherapy and the adverse reactions were tolerable.

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Progression of PD-1／PD-L1 inhibitors and renal cell carcinoma immunothreapy

ZHANG Xiaomin， HU Hong， PAN Hongming.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 75.

Abstract ( 513 )

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New therapeutic methods for renal carcinoma are in urgent need because of its insensitivity to the existing treatments， radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Programmed cell death factor 1 （PD-1） and programmed cell death factor ligand 1 （PD-L1） are costimulatory factors. Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies are proved to be effective among the treatments for malignant melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover， they are widely used to other malignancies as well. PD-1／PD-L1 inhibitors are expected to become new methods for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. This article aims to review the research progressions of PD-1／PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma and explore the possible molecular mechanisms.

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The progression of miR-199a in digestive system cancers

FAN Fan， FENG Bing， HAN Siqi.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 81.

Abstract ( 367 )

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MicroRNAs is a class of endogenous non-encoding RNA. The researchers have found that miRNA has the role of oncogene or tumor suppressor gene， involved in the evolution of a variety of malignant tumors. Among all the miRNAs，we focus on miR-199a due to it’s important role in different carcinomas. Many experiment was done on miRNA-199a in cancers revealing it’s diverse expression and function in varies cancer types. In vitro studies suggesting that inhibition of miR-199a expression or prevent miR-199a with target gene interaction has a broad application prospect in the treatment of digestive system neoplasms. Since miR-199a play an important role on the cancer’s regulation mechanism， proliferation， apoptosis， invasion， drug resistance and metastasis. This review provide a comprehensive understanding of miR-199a and give a direction for it’s clinical value.

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Progression on human telomerase reverse transcriptase in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

LI Wenru， ZHAO Xin.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 84.

Abstract ( 317 )

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Human telomerase reverse transcriptase （hTERT） is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. The role of hTERT in cervical cancer and precancerous lesions has been widely studied， mainly involving the relationship of the change of hTERT expression and the degree of precancerous lesions and the feasibility of the expression of hTERT as the diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer， etc. hTERT plays an important role in the diagnosis， prognosis and treatment of cervical cancer.

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Prostaglandin E2 promotes hepatic cancer cell growth and invasion via receptor EP1

SONG Mengying， YANG Qinyi， ZHANG Zhihong.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2017, 22 (1): 88.

Abstract ( 321 )

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Prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） has been proposed as an important cellular factor associated with hepatic cancer cell growth and invasion. PGE2 regulates tumor development and progression by combining with E prostanoid receptors （EP receptors） on the surface of the cell membrane. PGE2 exerts its effects by upregulating the expression of key molecules including survivin and YB-1， in hepatic cancer cells. PGE2 regulates survivin expression through EP1／EGFR／PI3K／Akt signaling pathway， and YB-1 expression through EP1／Src／EGFR／p44／42 MAPK／mTOR signaling pathway. In this review， we discuss the mechanism of prostaglandin E2 promoting hepatic cancer cell growth and invasion via receptor EP1， which may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of hepatic cancer.

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标准刊号：	ISSN 1009-0460
	CN 32-1577/R