Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality in cancer worldwide. Molecular targeted therapy is the hotpot of lung cancer study in recent years. In 2012， a novel fusion gene KIF5BRET was identified in non-small cell lung cancer. This fusion gene is more frequently detected in the lung adenocarcinoma， with no or little history of cigarette smoking. The mutually exclusive nature of the RET fusions and other oncogenic alterations such as EGFR，K-Ras，ALK，etc.，suggests that the KIF5B-RET fusion is a new driver mutation. It could be a promising molecular target for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.