Abstract:

In recent years，two types of immune checkpoint blockades（ICBs），anti programmed death 1（PD-1）and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4）antibodies，have been approved by the US food and drug administration（FDA）for treatment of melanoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer. Studies found that ICBs were effective for most tumors，including small cell lung cancer， renal cell carcinoma，urethral carcinoma，head and neck squamous cell carcinoma，gastric cancer， hepatocellular carcinoma，ovarian cancer，triple-negative breast cancer and mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer，etc. These ICBs could effectively target the immune system，but often company with a certain degree of immune adverse events （irAEs） or dysimmune toxicities. How to manage these toxicities and side effects is yet uncertain. In this review，we summarized the international and domestic management experiences of dysimmune toxicities of ICBs，in order to provide references to oncologist during the management of tumor patients.