Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone for the treatment of peritumoral edema after glioma subtotal resection. Methods From Jun 2015 to Jan 2016， a total of 95 cases of glioma which underwent subtotal resection were selected and randomly divided into methylprednisolone group（n=32）， dexamethasone group（n=33） and control group（n=30）. After operation， methylprednisolone and dexamethasone groups were treated with equivalent dose of methylprodnisolone 40 mg and dexamethasone 10 mg and twice a day at 8：00 and 16：00. The control group was only applied with dehydration treatment. Based on consensus on the drug treatment of peritumoral brain edema （1st edition）， the edema index （EI） values of each group were respectively tested by MRI at the different time points including 72 hours， 5 days， 14 days and 28 days after subtotal resection. The adverse reactions of these 3 groups were monitored during the treatment. Results During the peak period of edema which appeared from the 3rd to 7th days， although methylprednisolone was more effective to control the peritumoral edema comparing with dexamethasone， there was no obvious statistical difference （P＞0.05）. After 14 days， the EI values of methylprednisolone group and dexamethasone group were 2.58±1.02 and 3.67±1.71 respectively， and the difference was statistically significant （P=0.023）. On the 28th day， the EI values were 1.76±0.72 and 2.14±1.13 respectively， and difference was statistically significant （P=0.01）. Both of these two groups had their own defect due to the adverse drugs reactions， dexamethasone could influence the internal environment and the methylprednisolone would cause gastrointestinal stress response. Conclusion With equivalent dose， methylprednisonone is more efficient to control peritumoral edema after subtotal resection of gliomas than dexamethasone. Furthermore， adverse reactions during the treatment should be actively prevented.