Abstract: Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of RhoA on vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） expression and regulation in esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca-109. Methods Eca-109 cells were transfected by RhoA up-regulating plasmid（V14RhoA） or down-regulating plasmid（shRhoA） and VEGF expression level was examined by Western blotting and ELISA assay. The effect of RhoA on p53 expression was examined by Western blotting and realtime PCR. Results Western blotting and ELISA assays showed that in Eca-109 cells VEGF protein expression was increased or decreased with up-regulating or down-regulating RhoA. Western blotting and real-time PCR assays showed that increased RhoA could inhibit p53 expression and then promote VEGF expression. Conclusion In Eca-109 cells， RhoA can regulate VEGF expression， and RhoA promotes VEGF expression through inhibiting p53 expression.