Abstract: Recently， the incidence of multiple primary lung cancer（MPLC） is increasing. However， there is a lack of standard diagnostic criteria for MPLC. It is difficult to distinguish MPLC from pulmonary metastasis， especially when the same pathologic type of multiple lesions exists. Therefore， pathologic type， imaging features， clinical manifestations and molecular genetic characteristics should be considered. The emergences of new diagnostic techniques are an important supplement to the diagnosis of MPLC. Each lesion should be staged separately. Surgery should be the preferred treatment option with good prognosis. In this article，we make a review through summarizing the latest literature progress combined with our experience of the diagnosis and treatment for MPLC.