Abstract: Objective To compare the efficacy and safety between the robotic-assisted transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy（RALPN） and retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy（RLPN） in treating early renal carcinoma. Methods Retrospective review of 70 renal carcinoma patients from May 2010 to October 2013 was conducted. Thirty-six patients were performed with RALPN（RALPN group）， and 34 patients underwent RLPN（RLPN group）. The operation time， renal artery clamping time， intraoperative blood transfusion， blood loss， postoperative hospital stay and post-operative complications between the two groups were observed and compared. Results Both the two groups were performed successfully，and 2 cases intraoperatively convered to open surgery in RLPN group. The operation time， renal artery clamping time， blood loss and postoperative hospital stay of RALPN and RLPN group were（90.5±12.6）min and（110.7±20.3）min，（15.2±5.8）min and（24.6±7.2）min，（50.2±9.5）ml and（130.2±22.4）ml， （6.1±1.7）d and （7.8±2.2）d. There were significant differences between the two groups （P＜0.05）. The intraoperative blood transfusion between RALPN group and RLPN group were 0 and 11.8%. In RALPN group, perirenal hematoma post-operation was found in one case, and in RLPN group, one case of urine leakage and 2 cases of secondary hemorrhage were found post-operation. All patients were of turmor-free survival. Conclusion RALPN is a quite effective，safe and minimally invasive surgical management for renal carcinoma with less post-operative complications.