Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between multimutation of HBV X gene and hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）. Methods The live or liver cancer tissuses of 39 patients with HBV infected were divided into HCC group（25 cases） and chronic hepatitis B（CHB）group（14 cases）. The HBV X gene were amplificated from above tissues by polymerase chain reaction（PCR）， and the amplified products were sequenced directly. Furthermore， the mutation of common mutation site of HBV X gene were determined using soft of Bio Edit70 and ClustalW by computer. Results In HCC group, there were higher gene mutation frequency of insert／deletion mutation and combined mutation than those in CHB group. There was higher 1762T/G1764A double mutation frequency in HCC group than that in CHB group. The high frequency of mutation in HBV X gene were as follows：C1655T／G， A1605C／G， A1762T， G1764A， A1772B， A1645C， C1687A and G1776T.
Conclusion The mutation of the HBV X region including point mutation， insertion／deletion mutation and combined mutation， which may play an important role in the occurrence and development of HCC.