Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and toxicity of single-agent docetaxel and lobaplatin combined with docetaxel as the second-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）. Methods Fourtytwo patients with advanced NSCLC were divided into observation group and control group. Observation group（n=27）：lobaplatin 30 mg／m2 iv，d2；docetaxel 75 mg／m2 iv，d1. Control group（n=27）：docetaxel 75 mg／m2iv，d1. Twenty-one to twenty-eight days was a cycle for the two regimens and each patient was treated at least 3 cycles. The efficacy was evaluated after two cycles. Results All the patients could be evaluated. The disease control rate and response rate of observation group were 73.3％（11／15）and 26.7％（4／15），and in control group were 63.0％（17／27）and 22.2％（6／27）. There was no statistical difference between the two groups. The mean survival for observation group was 18.0 months，which was longer than the median survival 14.0 months of control group（P＜0.05）. The median progression-free survival of observation group and control group were 11.0 months and 7.8 months（P＞0.05）. There was no significantly statistical differentce（P＞0.05）in neutropenia，anemia and gastrointestinal reactions between the two groups；the rate of thrombocytopenia was higher in observation group（P=0.047）. Conclusion The efficacy，survival and toxicity between lobaplatin combined with docetaxel and single-agent docetaxel was similar as the second-line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC，and worth further study.