Abstract: Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal tumor. Methods From January 2013 to January 2015，36 patients with renal tumors were enrolled. The patients were divided into observation group（n=18）and control group（n=18）based on operative approaches. In observation group，18 cases received retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy，and control group received open partial nephrectomy. The effect of operation，complications and recurrence of tumors were compared between the two groups. Results All patients were conducted successfully. The operating time of obervation group and control group was（108.7±42.7）min and（133.5±53.3）min（P=0.135）. The amount of bleeding in observation group and control group was（122.8±37.4）ml and（231.7±58.2）ml，the warm ischemia time was（29.3±2.7）min and（15.4±3.2）min，postoperative hospitalization time was（8.7±1.3）d and（14.4±2.0）d, and postoperative food-taking time was（44.3±18.2）h and（73.8±15.1）h. The differences between the two groups had statistically significance（P＜0.001）. Four cases of complications were found in each group during perioperative period. No recurrence was found during 18 months followup period in the two groups. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy can achieve the same effect as the conventional open surgery， and the patients recover quicker after operation.