Objective To investigate the effect of heparanase expression reduction on biological behavior of colon cancer cell lines. Methods Heparanase expression levels of four colon cancer cell lines（SW620，SW480，LoVo and CACO-2）were measured by real-time PCR. Three heparanase-specific small interfering RNA（siRNA1，siRNA2 and siRNA3）were designed，synthesized and transfected into the cell line with the highest expression of heparanase among the 4 colon cancer cell lines. The heparanase expression was measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT colorimetry. The in vitro cell invasion was detected by transwell chamber method. Results The expression of heparanase in SW480 cell line was higher than the other 3 cell lines. Transfection of the 3 specific siRNAs could reduce the expression of heparanase at protein and mRNA levels，especially siRNA3 in a dose-dependent manner. The siRNA3mediated silence of heparanase suppressed the proliferation of SW480 cells，and the in vitro invasion of SW480 cells was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Gene silence of heparanase can efficiently abolish the malignant biological behavior of colon cancer cell lines in vitro， suggesting that heparanase could be regarded as a novel target for gene therapy of colon cancer.

Objective To investigate the mutation of echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase（EML4-ALK） fusion gene in non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC），and analyze its mutation with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis. Methods Amplification refractory mutation system was used to detect 9 mutations of EML4-ALK fusion gene and 4 mutations including exon 18，19，20 and 21 of epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR）in 26 patients with NSCLC. The relationship between EML4-ALK mutations and clinicopathologic characters，overall survival（OS）was further analyzed. Results There were 6 patients with EML4-ALK fusion gene mutations out of 26 patients. EML4-ALK fusion gene mutations were not related to pathological types，gender，specimen types and serum carcinoembryonic antigen，but with smoking，age，clinical stage，EGFR mutations and histological differentiation. The median OS of patients with EML4-ALK fusion gene mutations was 9 months，while those without mutations were 12 months（P=0.460）. Conclusion EML4-ALK fusion gene mutations are often found in NSCLC patients with younger age，no history of smoking or a small amount of smoking，later clinical stage，poor histological differentiation and without EGFR mutation.

Objective To explore the expression of Livin and caspase-3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC），and their relationship with clinical features. Methods The expressions of Livin and caspase-3 in 36 cases of ESCC and 20 cases of normal esophageal tissue（control group） were detected using SP method and their relationship with clinical pathological features was investigated. Results The positive rate of Livin in ESCC was 69.4％， higher than 10.0％ in control group（P=0.000）. The positive rate of caspase-3 in ESCC was 38.9％，lower than 80.0％ in control group（P=0.003）. The expression of Livin and caspase-3 was related with histological differentiation，serosal infiltration and lymph node metastasis，but not with sex and age. Negative association was found between the expressions of Livin and caspase-3 in ESCC tissue（r=-0.337，P=0.045）.
Conclusion Livin and caspase-3 play an important role in the occurrence and development of ESCC.

Objective To investigate the expression of adhesion molecule CD11c in gastric cancer tissues and the relevance with patients clinicopathologic features and prognosis. Methods The expression of CD11c in tissues from 144 gastric cancer patients，10 gastritis patients and 10 gastric polyp patients was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between CD11c expression and clinicopathologic feature, prognosis of gastric cancer were also analyzed. Results The CD11c expression in gastric cancer tissues was （9.9±6.4）/HPF, significantly higher than （5.1±1.8）/HPF in gastritis and （4.5±2.3）/HPF in gastric polyps tissues. The CD11c expression level in gastric cancer tissues was positively correlated to gender，tumor location，tumor size，depth of invasion，lymph node metastasis，pathological grade and TNM stage，while it was not correlated to age，histological types and recurrence. The median overall survival（OS） of CD11c highly expressed group and lowly expressed group were 67.0 months（95％ CI：39.0-112.0 months）and 29.0 months（95％ CI：21.0-39.0 months） with statistical difference（P＜0.05）. Of gastric cancer patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ, the median OS of CD11c highly expressed group was longer compared with lowly expressed group（P＜0.05）. Cox multivariate analysis showed the CD11c highly expressed group significantly reduced the risk of death compared with lowly expressed group（RR=0.52，95％ CI：0.29-0.94）. Conclusion The CD11c expression level was correlated to the prognosis of gastric cancer，and CD11c can act as an indicator for prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and the side effects of icotinib in treatment of brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer（NSCLC）. Methods Thirty-one cases of NSCLC with brain metastases who received icotinib were reviewed. All of them were treated with icotinib（125mg， 3 times a day）until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities, and 25 patients of them received brain radiotherapy. Results In terms of intracranial lesions，the response rate（RR） and disease control rate（DCR）were 25.8％ and 83.9％. As for systemic disease，RR and DCR were 38.7％ and 87.1％. Patients who received brain radiation had better RR than those without brain radiation（P＞0.05）. RR and DCR were not related to age，gender，pathological types，PS score，brain metastases，icotinib administration, brain radiotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor（EFGR） mutation. The median progressionfree survival（PFS）was 6.5 months（95%CI:4.787-8.213 months），while it in EGFR mutation patients was 10.1 months. PFS was related to EGFR mutation status，and not to other clinical pathological features. The common side effects of icotinib were rash，dry skin and diarrhea，mainly in grade 1-2. Conclusion Icotinib may be effective on brain metastases in NSCLC patients，and the toxicities are tolerable，which worth further study.

Objective To investigate the relationship between DNA repair rate（DRR）of peripheral blood lymphocytes（PBLCs）and the efficacy of platinumbased chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods The DRRs of PBLC in 47 patients with advanced gastric cancer and 20 controls without cancer were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis（SCGE）. All the patients received platinum-based chemotherapy and the efficacy was evaluated. The DRRs before platinum exposure and after exposure followed by renovation were analyzed between both groups. The relationship between DRRs of patients with advanced gastric cancer and clinicopathological characteristics or efficacy of platinumbased chemotherapy were investigated. Results SCGE test showed that DRRs of advanced gastric cancer patients by tail length（Z=4.662，P=0.000）and tail moment（Z=3.827，P=0.000） were significantly lower than those of control group. The DRRs were not related to age，gender，ECOG score，histological differentiation and alcohol habits. Fortythree of 47 patients were considered evaluable for efficacy. There were CR in 1 case，PR in 12 cases，SD in 13 cases and PD in 17 cases with the disease control rate of 60.5％. A relatively negative correlation was observed between DRR by tail length and the clinical efficacy （r=-0.327，P=0.032）, while no correlation was observed between tail moment and efficacy(r=0.143, P=0.361). Conclusion Compared with non-cancer populations，patients with gastric cancer have lower DNA repair capacity. The DRR in PBLCs can predict the short-term efficacy of patients with gastric cancer treated with platinumbased chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） and evaluate its potential impact on the prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia（AML）. Methods The mRNA level of COX-2 in AML was detected by Real time-PCR. The relevance between COX-2 expression and clinical features of AML was assayed. The relation between COX-2 expression and overall survival（OS）was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results The average relative quantity of COX-2 mRNA in 38 AML patients was 4.77±2.21，and among them，20 patients were of high expression（8.33±1.96），and 18 were of low expression（1.89±1.04）. The expression of COX-2 was correlated with initial leukocyte count and the initial response to therapy，but not with gender and age. Furthermore，the median OS of patients with high expression of COX-2 was 16.2 months，shorter than 25.6 months of low expression（P=0.041）. Conclusion The expression of COX-2 in AML was associated with prognosis， and high expression of COX-2 may be a poor prognostic factor in AML.

Objective To investigate the sensitivity of 22 kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs in patients bearing different maligrant tumors, in order to select proper drugs and provide reference for clinical application. Methods Malignant tumor cells of 182 samples were affected by 22 kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs for 2448 hours on the basis of clinical peak plasma concentation（PPC），and then the resistance rate and investigate the chemosensivity of antitumor drugs were tested by MTT assay. Results The resistance rate of 40 varieties of spongioblastoma cells affected by 7 different kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs was different in the condition of 1.0 PPC and 3-5×105／ml cell concentration. BCNU，TMZ and VM26 of which have higher resistance rate of malignant tumors than the other chemotherapeutic drugs. The 7 different kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs classified in susceptibility rate from high to low was BCNU＞TMZ＞DDP＞VM26＞VCR＞CBP＞VP16.The resistance rate of 59 varieties of oophoroma cells affected by 13 different kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs was different, and the susceptibility rate of these 13 different chemotherapeutic drugs classified from high to low was L-OHP＞TPT＞TAX＞ADM＞TXT＞GEM＞CBP＞CTX＞IFO＞LBP＞DDP＞PYM＞EADM. The resistance rate of 19 varieties of bone and soft tissue tumor cells affected by 6 different kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs was similarity，of which MTX and TAX have the resistance rate more than 40％. These chemotherapeutic drugs classified in susceptibility rate from high to low was ADM＞MTX＞IFO＞DDP＞TAX＞DTIC. The resistance rate of 64 varieties of head and neck cancer cells affected by 8 different kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs was different, and the susceptibility rate of these chemotherapeutic drugs classified from high to low was PYM＞CTX＞BLM＞DDP＞5-FU＞VP16＞VCR＞TAX. Conclusion Malignant tumor patients have significant individual differences to chemotherapeutic drugs in chemosensitivity. The individual screening of chemosensitivity to different kinds of cancer patients before chemotherapy application is absolutely essential. It can decrease toxic reaction by avoiding blindly using chemotherapeutic drugs and increase therapeutic effect and survival quality. Chemotherapy under the guidance of chemosensitivity test in vitro may improve the therapeutic effect and help clinician to choose reasonable chemotherapy drugs for patients individually.

Objective To explore the infection status of hepatitis B virus（HBV） in multiple myeloma（MM） and clinical characteristics of HBV surface antigen（HBsAg）-positive MM patients. Methods The serologic markers of hepatitis B virus（HBV）was detected in 196 patients with MM and 48 697 cases of healthy controls by an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The serum concentration of HBV-DNA was determined by polymerase chain reaction（PCR）. Results Five out of 196 MM patients（2.6％）were HBsAg-positive, showing no difference with health controls（3.4%）. The HBV serologic markers in five HBsAgpositive MM patients were all HBsAg-， HBeAb- and HBcAb-positive. Two patients'HBV-DNA copy number＞1000, and lamivudine was given. Five patients were given antiMM treatment，and no one showed abnormal liver function and HBV activation. Conclusion There was no correlation between MM and HBV infection. The effect of anti-MM treatment on the HBV activation and liver function might not be apparent，and it needs to be further studied.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety profile of malate sunitinib as secondline therapy for patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors（GISTs）. Methods From March 2009 to October 2009，7 patients with advanced GISTs were enrolled. They were treated with sunitinib 50mg daily for 4 weeks with 2-week interval，and 6 weeks was a cycle. Results One of the 7 patients withdrew from the study after 1 cycle treatment, and the median treatment duration of the other 6 patients was 7 cycles（2-22 cycles），the best response were all SD，the median progression-free survival was 9.0 months（2.5-29.5 months），and the median overall survival was 28 months（4.49 months）. All the patients experienced adverse events，mainly in grade 1-2. The common events included leukopenia，thrombocytopenia，diarrhea，microscopic hematuria，fatigue， and proteinuria. One patient experienced heart failure. Conclusion Malate sunitinib was effective and welltolerated for advanced GISTs as second-line treatment.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse reaction of cetuximab combined with FOLFOX 4 regimen as neoadjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer with liver metastases. Methods A total of 18 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer were treated with cetuximab combined with FOLFOX 4 regimen. Cetuximab 400mg／m2 was intravenously given at the first dose and maintenance at 250mg／m2 every week for a total of 6 weeks. FOLFOX 4 regimen was given as follows： oxaliplatin 85mg／m2 iv，d1；calcium folinate 200mg／m2 iv，d1，d2； fluorouracil 400mg／m2 bolus，d1，d2，and then 600mg／m2 civ for 22h，d1，d2，2 weeks was a cycle. The efficacy were evaluated after 3 cycles.
ResultsThe efficacy could be evaluated in eighteen patients，with PR in 15 cases，SD in 2 cases，and PD in 1 case. The response rate was 83.3％ and the disease control rate was 944％. Eighteen patients received surgery, 14 of them underwent synchronous radical colorectal surgery and liver metastases resection, and 4 cases received stage operation. R0 resection of primary lesion was performed in 18 patients, while R0 resection of liver metastases was operated in 15 cases and R1 resection in 3 cases. The median overall survival was 30.4 months, and the median progressionfree survival was 21.2 months. The adverse reaction during the treatment included grade 3 skin toxicity, grade 1-2 delayed diarrhea and grade 1-2 neutropenia. Conclusion FOLFOX 4 regimen combined with cituximab neoadjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer with liver metastases is effective and well-tolarable，which can increase the resectabiliy rate and prolong patients'survival may provide a new treating strategy for colorectal cancer with liver metastases.

Antineoplastic drug-induced liver injury（DILI），one of the most common clinical problems，has been increasingly concerned. As multifunctional hepatoprotective drugs of anti-inflammatory class，glycyrrhizin，especially the latest glycyrrhizin magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate，has been used for the prevention and treatment of DILI recently. This paper reviewed the current situation and research progress of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate in the prevention and treatment of DILI in the hematological malignancy，solid tumor，hepatic artery embolism chemotherapy and molecular target therapy，and discussed the future direction of development.

Angiogenesis is the basis of tumor metastasis，while neovasularization is the indispensable condition for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） and its receptor（VEGFR） are important regulatory factors in formation of tumor blood vessels. The VEGF／VEGFR signal pathway inhibitors have been successfully applied to clinical，but only some patients can benefit from them. If we can explore reliable predictive indicators for response to VEGF／VEGFR signal pathway inhibitors，it will give patients much more clinical benefits. In this paper，we review the progress in predictive markers for response to VEGF／VEGFR signal pathway inhibitors.

The current international TNM staging for lung cancer plays an important role in the development of treatment strategies and prognosis judgment of lung cancer. The prognosis differs among patients in the same stages，probably due to tumor micrometastases. The tumor micrometastases can be detected by molecular biology techniques and molecular markers. On the basis of TNM classification，the molecular staging of lung cancer can be developed to remedy the deficiency of TNM staging system. With the molecular staging of lung cancer，the development of standardized treatment program is of importance to reduce tumor recurrence and metastases, as well as improve prognosis.

With the rapid development of ultrasound technique，the contrastenhanced ultrasound as the most advanced technique, improves the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis for primary hepatic carcinoma（PHC） and provides a new technique for the early treatment of PHC.This paper presents a review about the related research and clinical application of this technique.