Abstract: lung cancer molecular pathologic evaluation is applied to clear classification of lung cancer，determine the scope of tumor invasion，distinguish whether it is primary lung cancer or metastatic tumors，confirm the involvement degree of the surgical margin（i.e.，positive or negative margin）. It is also used for molecular diagnostic studies，so as to determine whether there are specific gene expression abnormalities or mutations，to predict the prognosis and efficacy of lung cancer for individualized treatment as well. In this paper，the progression of the aspects are summarized in this review.