Abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） including adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma， is the predominant form of lung cancer， and accounts for the majority of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite recent advances in clinical and experimental oncology， the prognosis of lung cancer is still unfavorable， with a 5-year overall survival rate of approximately 17％. Thus， a detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying NSCLC development and progression is essential for improving the diagnosis， prevention and treatment of this disease. Recently， accumulating evidence has shown that long noncoding RNA （LncRNA） may be involved in NSCLC pathogenesis， playing an important role in invasion and metastasis， proliferation， apoptosis and drug resistance of NSCLC cell. Here， we summarize the uptodate research progress on LncRNAs in NSCLC to provide new insights into the genetic diagnosis and treatment of this deadly disease.