Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNP） of erythrocyte complement receptor type 1（CR1） and the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Methods This hospital-based casecontrol study was conducted in 102 cases with HCC （HCC group） and 98 healthy controls （Control group）. The plasma samples were collected for the detection of five SNPs （rs4844600 G＞A， rs17048010 T＞C， rs3818361 C＞T， rs11118167 T＞C and rs9429945 C＞T） of erythrocyte CR1. The intergroup distributional differences comparison of genotypes， alleles and halotypes of SNPs were examined by the overall odds ratio with a 95％ confidence interval. Meanwhile， according to gender and age matching principle， 52 and 53 samples were chosen from Control group and HCC group for the measurement of geometric mean fluorescence intensity ratio （GMFIR） of CR1. Results There were significant associations between SNP rs4844600 G＞A and the risk for HCC （P＜0.01）. Compared with control group， the risk of developing HCC of carriers of CR1-rs4844600 G＞A／GG genotype increased by 2.458 folds （95％CI： 1.357-4.451） and that of carriers of G allele increased by 1.945 folds （95％CI： 1.183-3.199）， while that of carriers of GA genotype decreased by 0.404 folds （95％CI： 0.218-0.746）. Other four SNPs including rs17048010 T＞C， rs3818361 C＞T， rs11118167 T＞C and rs9429945 C＞T， and haplotypes of rs11118167rs3818361rs17048010 containing TCT， TTC， CCT and TTT were not associatied with the risk for HCC （P＞0.05）. The GMFIR of CR1 in HCC group was lower than that in control group （3.257±1.191 vs. 2.652±0.789, P＜0.01）. Conclusion The erythrocyte CR1 level decreases in patients with HCC. SNP rs4844600 G＞A of CR1 gene is associated with HCC.