ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of microRNA320（miR320） in regulating radiosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC） cells. 
MethodsRealtime fluorescence quantitative PCR（QPCR） was used to detect the expressions of miR320 and forkhead box protein M1（FOXM1） in normal esophageal epithelial cells HEEC and ESCC cell lines of KYSE150， TE13 and Eca109. MiR320 mimics and its negative control （NC） were transfected into Eca109 cells by Lipofectamine 2000 and assigned to miR320 transfection group and control group， respectively. QPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of FOXM1 to evaluate the regulatory effect of miR320. Clone formation assay and immunofluorescence assay were performed to evaluate the cloneforming ability of Eca109 and the formation of γH2AX. The apoptotic rates of Eca109 cells were detected by flow cytometry and the expression levels of XIAP， Bax, Bcl2 and cleaved caspase3 were detected by Western blotting. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the targeting relationship between miR320 and FOXM1. 
ResultsCompared with HEEC cells， the expression of miR320 in Eca109 cells was the lowest， while the expression of FOXM1 was the highest（P＜005）， and Eca109 cells were chosen for the following experiments. Fortyeight hours after transfection， transfection group showed an increased miR320 expression compared with control group； and the mRNA and protein levels of FOXM1 in transfection group were both lower than control group（P＜005）. The colonyforming ability of Eca109 cells in transfection group was lower than that in control group（P＜005）.The number of γH2AX foci in transfection group at 1， 6 and 24 h after irradiation were significantly higher than those in control group（P＜005）. The apoptotic rate of Eca109 cells in transfection group was significantly higher than that in control group（P＜005）. Compared with control group， the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase3 increased and the expression of XIAP and Bcl2 were decreased in transfection group（P＜005）. The luciferase activity of Eca109 cells transfected with wildtype FOXM1 3’UTR plasmid and miR320 mimics was significantly lower than that of transfected with NC. No significant difference was observed between cells transfected with mutanttype FOXM1 3’UTR plasmid. 
ConclusionmiR320 may enhance the radiosensitivity of ESCC cells and the underlying mechanism may associated with inhibition of FOXM1.

ObjectiveTo investigate the level of long noncoding RNA（lncRNA） ENST00000589379 in tissues and its influence on cell migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC）. 
MethodsSixtytwo cases of ESCC and paired paracancerous tissues from January 2014 to December 2014 were collected. Using realtime quantitative PCR（QPCR）， the level of ENST00000589379 in the above tissues was investigated. The ENST00000589379 levels in ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were compared. The relationship between ENST00000589379 levels and clinicopathological parameters（age， sex， tumor size， differentiation， T stage， lymph node metastasis and TNM stage） of ESCC was analyzed. By silencing and overexpressing ENST00000589379 in ESCC cells TE1 and Eca109， the relationship between the expression level and metastasis of ESCC cells was evaluated. 
ResultsQPCR results showed that the levels of ENST00000589379 in ESCC tissues and cells were higher than those in adjacent tissues and normal esophageal mucosal epithelial cells（P＜005）. The levels of ENST00000589379 in ESCC were not related to age， sex， tumor size， differentiation， and T staging， but related to lymph node metastasis and TNM staging（P＜005）. The ENST00000589379 level of tissues with lymph node metastases was 559±127， higher than 420±156 of those without lymph node metastases， and the level of ENST00000589379 in tissues of TNM ⅢⅣ stage was 587±107， higher than 423±154 of ⅠⅡ stage（P＜005）. Silencing ENST00000589379 could obviously reduce the metastasis of TE1 and Eca109 cell lines while overpressing ENST00000589379 could promote the metastasis of the two cell lines. 
ConclusionThe increased level of ENST00000589379 in ESCC， especially in lymph node metastasis and late TNM stage， has a significant effect on the migration of ESCC， and is of certain significance in the prevention and treatment of ESCC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of microRNA99a5p （miR99a5p） on the invasion and migration of hepatoma cells HepG2 and its regulatory role on insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R）. 
MethodsNinety pairs of cancerous and paracancerous tissues surgically removed in our hospital were collected from January 2014 to March 2017. Realtime quantitative PCR （QPCR） was used to detect the level of miR99a5p and IGF1R mRNA in the above tissues. HepG2 cells were transfected with miR99a5p mimics （overexpression group） and miR99a5p negative control （NC group） by liposome method. QPCR method was used to detect the miR99a5p level of each group after transfection for 48 h to evaluate the transfection efficiency. The invasion and migration of each group were evaluated by Transwell and scratch test， respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of IGF1R were detected by QPCR and Western blotting， respectively. The dual luciferase reporter gene test was applied to verify the targeting effect of miR99a5p on IGF1R. 
ResultsThe results of QPCR showed that the level of miR99a5p in the cancer tissues was 0823±0039， lower than 1016±0013 in normal paracancerous tissues， while the level of IGF1R mRNA in the cancer tissues was 1329±0024， higher than 1035±0026 in normal paracancerous tissues （P＜005）. The miR99a5p level in the overexpression group was 1487±0027， higher than 1021±0013 of control group and 1019±0025 of NC group （P＜005）. The healing rates of control group， NC group and overexpression group were （605±24）％， （584±33）％ and （421±29）％， and the numbers of membrane cells were 921±37， 952±49 and 367±45， respectively. Compared with other two groups， the healing rates and numbers of membrane cells of overexpression group decreased （P＜005）. The mRNA and protein levels of IGF1R in overexpression group were lower than those in other two groups （P＜005）. The results of double fluorescence report showed that miR99a5p significantly inhibited the luciferase activity of cells transfected with the wild type IGF1R3’UTR plasmid （P＜001）， but had no significant effect on the activity of the mutant IGF1R3’UTR luciferase activity. 
ConclusionThe expression of miR99a5p is reduced in hepatoma cancer. MiR99a5p can inhibit the invasion and migration of hepatoma cells. It may be realized by targeting IGF1R， which can be used as a potential target for the treatment of hepatoma cancer.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of microRNA375 （miR375） and human paired box gene 6 （PAX6） in the cisplatin resistant strain HeLa cisR of cervical cancer and the reversal effect of drug resistance as well as the possible mechanism. 
MethodsThe level of miR375 and PAX6 mRNA in 28 normal cervical tissues and 30 cervical cancer tissues （14 cases of cisplatin sensitive and 16 cases of cisplatin insensitive） and different cisplatin sensitive cells HeLa and HeLa cisR were measured by realtime quantitative PCR （QPCR）. HeLa and HeLa cisR cells were transfected with miR375 analog（mimics） oligonucleotide probe （overexpressed group） and negative control （NC group） by liposome method， and cells without transfection was used as a blank control group. The MTT method was used to detect the proliferation of cells exposure to cisplatin （1， 3， 10， 30， 100 μmol／L） and calculate the median inhibitory concentration （IC50） as to evaluate the sensitivity of cisplatin. Western blotting was used to detect the level of PAX6 protein. The dual luciferase reporter test was used to evaluate the targeting effect of miR375 on PAX6. 
ResultsThe level of miR375 in cervical cancer tissues was lower than that of normal cervical tissue （0714±0341 vs. 1006±0299）， and the level of PAX6 mRNA was higher than that of normal cervical tissue （1855±0928 vs. 1011±0257）. The level of miR375 was negatively correlated with the level of PAX6 mRNA （r=-0416， P＜005）. Compared with chemosensitivity group， the level of miR375 in chemotherapy insensitive group decreased， while the level of PAX6 mRNA increased （P＜005）. The miR375 level of HeLa cisR cells was lower than that of HeLa cells （0365±0098 vs. 1032±0135） and PAX6 mRNA level was higher than that of HeLa cells （3154±0957 vs. 1067±0168） with a statistical significant difference （P＜005）. Compared with other two groups， the miR375 level of the overexpression group was increased after transfection， and the levels of PAX6 protein and mRNA were significantly different （P＜005）. MiR375 overexpression can reduce IC50 of cisplatin （P＜005）， and IC50 of cells with 24 htransfection of miR375 mimics followed by pCMVPAX6 was similar with untransfected cells （P＞005）. 
ConclusionmiR375 is involved in cisplatin resistance of cervical cancer cells through targeting PAX6. MiR375 is expected to become a target for reversing cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of RNA interference on UHRF1 gene expression and proliferation and apoptosis of glioma U251 cells. 
MethodsThe plasmid LVUHRF1shRNA and negative control plasmid LVscrambleshRNA were transfected into U251 cells （LVUHRF1shRNA group and LVscrambleshRNA group） using lipid Attractene reagent， respectively. Cells only transfected liposomes were used as the control group. The UHRF1 mRNA level was detected by realtime fluorescent quantitative PCR （QPCR） at 48 h after transfection. MTT method was used to detect the proliferation of 24， 48 and 72 h in each group. BrdU staining was used to detect the positive rate of BrdU after transfection of 12， 24， 48， 72 h， and Annexin VFITC／PI double staining dye flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate at 48 and 72 h after transfection. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of apoptosis related proteins （Bax， caspase3 and Bcl2） at 72 h after transfection. 
ResultsThe results of QPCR test showed that the level of UHRF1 in the control group， the LVscrambleshRNA group and the LVUHRF1shRNA group were 1098±0136， 1127±0193 and 0309±0073， respectively. The UHRF1 levels in the LVUHRF1shRNA group was lower than those of the control group and the LVscrambleshRNA group （P＜005）. Compared with the control group and the LVscrambleshRNA group， the cell proliferation rate and the BrdU positive rate were decreased but the apoptosis rate increased in the LVUHRF1shRNA group （P＜005）. The apoptotic rate was （2571±187）％ in LVUHRF1shRNA group， higher than （773±066）％ of the control group and （786±059）％ of the LVscrambleshRNA group， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜005）. The results of Western blotting showed that compared with the control group and the LVscrambleshRNA group， the level of Bax and caspase3 increased but the Bcl2 level decreased in the LVscrambleshRNA group， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜005）. There was no significant difference in the above indices between the control group and the LVscrambleshRNA group （P＞005）. 
ConclusionThe downregulation of UHRF1 in U251 cells can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis. UHRF1 plays a role similar to oncogene， which can be used as a candidate gene for the treatment of glioma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the level of microRNA21（miR21） in glioma tissues and its relationship with the expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR） and vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）. 
MethodsNinetytwo cases of glioma tissues（WHO Ⅲ and Ⅳ grade） surgically resected and confirmed by pathology in our hospital from January 2005 to June 2015 were collected. Another 50 cases of paracancerous tissues were taken as control. Realtime quantitative PCR（QPCR） was used to detect the level of miR21 in the above tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of EGFR and VEGF. The relationships between miR21 level and clinicopathological parameters（gender， age， nationality and pathological grade） as well as the expressions of EGFR and VEGF were analyzed in glioma tissues. Correlation between miR21 level and expressions of EGFR and VEGF was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. 
ResultsQPCR detection showed that the miR21 level in glioma tissues was 1307±769， higher than that in adjacent tissues， and the difference was statistically significant（P＜005）. The level of miR21 was not related to sex， age and nationality（P＞005）， only related to the pathological grade（P＜005）. The level of miR21 of grade Ⅳ was 16483±4980， higher than 3229±3165 of grade Ⅲ， and the difference was statistically significant（P＜005）. The positive expression rates of EGFR and VEGF were both 87％（80／92）. The miR21 level in EGFR positive ones was 13952±8062， higher than 3487±3309 of the negative ones（P＜005）； the miR21 level of the VEGF positive ones was 13874±8340， higher than 2090±1458 of the negative ones（P＜005）. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the miR21 level in glioma tissues was positively correlated with the expressions of EGFR and VEGF（r=0251， 0311， P＜005）. 
ConclusionThe level of miR21 in glioma tissues was elevated， which was related to the pathological classification and the expression of EGFR and VEGF. It may be involved in the development of the malignant tumor， and it has certain clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of glioma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of long noncoding RNA（lncRNA） CCHE1 （cervical carcinoma highexpressed 1） and its clinical significance in breast cancer tissues. 
MethodsOne hundred and fifteen cases of breast cancer tissues and 78 cases of paired paracancerous tissues were collected in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2012. The expression of CCHE1 was detected in the above tissues by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR （QPCR）. CCHE1 levels in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were compared. The relationship between the CCHE1 level and the clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer （age， clinical T stage， histological grade， lymph node metastasis， Nottingham prognostic index， Ki67 proliferative index， ER expression， PR expression and HER2 amplification） and recurrence were analyzed. The overall survival （OS） and progressionfree survival （PFS） at different CCHE1 levels were analyzed， and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. 
ResultsQPCR detection showed that the level of CCHE1 in 115 cases of breast cancer tissues was 7610±3210， higher than 2142±1753 in 78 cases of adjacent tissues （P＜005）. The level of CCHE1 was significantly related with clinical T staging， lymph node metastasis， Nottingham prognosis index， HER2 amplification and tumor recurrence （P＜005）， but not related to age， histological grade， ER expression， PR expression and Ki67 proliferative index （P＞005）. The median PFS and OS of the CCHE1 lowexpression group were 560 months and 630 months， better than 370 months and 420 months of the CCHE1 highexpression group （P＜005）. The CCHE1 level， clinical T stage， lymph node metastasis， Nottingham prognostic index and HER2 amplification were independent prognostic factors of OS and PFS （P＜005）. 
ConclusionThe increased expression of CCHE1 in breast cancer tissues may play a role in the development of breast cancer， and this lncRNA can be a potential molecular marker for evaluating the prognosis of breast cancer.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1（TRDMT1） in gastric cancer tissues， and the relationship of its expression with clinical features as well as prognosis. 
MethodsFrom January 2012 to December 2013， 90 cases of gastric cancer tissues and 35 cases of corresponding normal tissues were collected in Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University. Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of TRDMT1 in the above tissues. The relationship of TRDMT1 expression with clinical features as well as overall survival（OS） was also analyzed. 
ResultsThe positive expression rate of TRDMT1 was 556％（50／90） in gastric cancer tissues， higher than 114％（4／35） of corresponding normal tissues（P＜005）. The expression of TRDMT1 in gastric cancer tissues was related with tumor size， differentiation， depth of invasion， lymph node metastasis and TNM staging（P＜005）， but not with age and gender（P＞005）. The median OS of patients with TRDMT1 positive expression was 330 months， lower than 420 months of patients with TRDMT1 negative expression（P＜005）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that tumor size， differentiation， depth of invasion， lymph node metastasis， TNM staging and TRDMT1 expression were independent factors influencing OS in patients with gastric cancer（P＜005）. 
ConclusionThe elevated expression of TRDMT1 may contribute to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer and predict the prognosis of cancer gastric.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of SMARCA1 and clarify the clinical significance and prognostic value of SMARCA1 of gastric cancer in the Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO） and The Cancer Genome Atlas（TCGA） datasets. 
MethodsSMARCA1 expression and its clinical information were downloaded from GEO and TCGA datasets. The influence of SMARCA1 expression on clinical pathological factors and overall survival（OS） were analyzed and gene set enrichment analysis（GSEA） was used to predict the SMARCA1related related gene signaling pathway. 
ResultsThe expression of SMARCA1 was associated with T stage in GSE62254 dataset（P=0022）， but not related to gender， age， TNM stage and N stage in GSE62254（P＞005）. In TCGA dataset， SMARCA1 was not related to gender， age， TNM stage， T stage, N stage and histology classification. In the aspect of survival analysis， the median OS of high， medium and low levels of SMARCA1 expression were 364 months， 894 months and not achieved in GSE62254（P=0001）； the median OS of high， medium and low levels of SMARCA1 expression were 237 months， 294 months and 562 months in TCGA（P=0033）. GSEA showed that the expression of SMARCA1 could regulate gene sets involving KRas， Akt， BMI1 and mTOR signaling pathway. 
ConclusionSMARCA1 was related to T stage in gastric cancer， and its high expression was associated with poor prognosis. It could be a polential molecular marker for evaluating the prognosis of gastric cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of highmobility group nucleosomebinding domain 5（HMGN5） and its clinical significance in colorectal cancer tissues. 
MethodsOne hundred and seventysix cases of colorectal cancer tissues and 78 cases of adjacent normal tissues were collected in Meishan Peoples Hospital from April 2005 to October 2010. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HMGN5 in the above tissues. The positive expression rates of HMGN5 in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were compared. The relationship between the positive rates of HMGN5 and the clinicopathological parameters of colorectal cancer（sex， age， tumor location， pathological grade， TNM staging and tumor size） was analyzed. Besides， the relationship between HMGN5 expression and prognosis was analyzed based on followup data. 
ResultsThe immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression rate of HMGN5 in colorectal cancer tissues was 6875％（121／176）， higher than 2692％（21／78） of adjacent normal tissues， and the difference was statistically significant（P＜005）. The positive expression rate of HMGN5 in colorectal cancer tissues was not related to age， sex， tumor location， pathological grade and tumor size， but related to TNM staging. The positive expression rate of HMGN5 in tissues of Ⅲ and Ⅳ stage was 8105％（77／95）， higher than 5432％（44／81） of Ⅰ and Ⅱ stage， and the difference was statistically significant（P＜005）. The median overall survival of patients with HMGN5 negative expression was 560 months， longer than 370 months of patients with positive expression（P＜005）. 
ConclusionThe elevated expression of HMGN5 in colorectal cancer tissues was associated with poor prognosis and advanced TNM stage. It may be related to the development of colorectal cancer， and it has some value in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and the evaluation of the disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of the Ewings sarcoma family tumor （ESFT） in the trunk axis. 
MethodsFrom January 2008 to May 2017， 67 cases with complete followup data were selected from 79 patients with localized ESFT in the trunk axis in Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. According to the treatment， 67 cases were divided into comprehensive therapy group （n=39； including 15 cases of chemotherapy+surgery+radiotherapy， 12 cases of chemotherapy+surgery and 12 cases of chemotherapy+radiotherapy） and simple therapy group （n=28； including 10 cases of chemotherapy， 12 cases of surgery and 6 cases of radiotherapy）. The shortterm efficacy was evaluated by RECIST 11， and longterm survival was analyzed based on followup data. 
ResultsThe effective rate of the comprehensive therapy group was 769％ （30／39）， higher than 500％ （14／28） of the simple therapy group， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜005）. The median overall survival （OS） and eventfree survival （EFS） in the comprehensive therapy group were 570 months and 360 months， better than 190 months and 80 months of the simple therapy group （P＜005）. Among the 39 patients with comprehensive treatment， the effective rate， median OS and EFS were 815％ （22／27）， 480 months and 320 months in 27 cases receiving surgery+radiotherapy+chemotherapy or surgery+radiotherapy， all higher than 667％ （8／12）， 380 months and 235 months in 12 cases receiving radiotherapy+chemotherapy （P＜005）. Among the 39 cases of comprehensive treatment， the effective rate of 24 patients receiving adriamycin combined with ifosfamide （ADM+IFO） regime was 625％ （15／24）， similar with 733％ （11／15） of the remaining 15 patients （nonADM+IFO） （P＞005）. The median OS and EFS of 24 patients receiving ADM+IFO regime were both ＞640 months， similar with 580 months and 340 months of other 15 patients （P＞005）. 
ConclusionComprehensive therapy can improve the efficacy and survival of patients with ESFT in the central axis of the trunk. Chemotherapy and surgery combined with radiotherapy are superior to chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in the treatment and survival.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the site of distant metastases and the prognosis of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. 
MethodsCases of gastric adenocarcinoma with distant metastasis diagnosed from January 2010 to December 2014 in the US SEER database were chosen. The survival curves were drawn by KaplanMeier method， and the independent prognostic factors of overall survival and cancer specific survival were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model. 
ResultsA total of 6532 cases were enrolled in this study, including 784 cases of bone metastases, 126 cases of brain metastases, 2692 cases of liver metastases, 958 cases of lung metastases and 2321 cases of distant lymph node metastases. In patients with single organ metastases， overall survival and cancer specific survival of patients with bone metastases were poorer than those with liver metastases； overall survival and cancer specific survival of patients with distant lymph node metastases were better than those with bone metastases， liver metastases， lung metastases and brain metastases. Cox multivariate analysis showed that in patients with distant metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma， the overall survival and cancer specific survival were poor in men， elderly， unmarried， poorly differentiated， without primary surgery or multiple organ metastasis. 
ConclusionDifferent metastatic sites have different effects on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. In patients with single organ metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma， patients with bone metastases have poorer prognosis than those with liver metastases or distant lymph node metastases. For patients with gastric adenocarcinoma with distant metastasis， male， venerable age， unmarried， low differentiation， non primary surgery or multiple organ metastasis were the risk factors for prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and imaging features of lung cancer patients with brain metastases. 
MethodsThe clinical data of 228 lung cancer patients with brain metastases treated by radiotherapy department of Jiangsu cancer hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. 
ResultsOf the 228 patients， 140 were males and 88 were females， with a median age of 60 years， 171 cases of adenocarcinoma， 35 cases of small cell carcinoma， and 22 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. There were 93 cases of brain metastases and 135 asymptomatic patients. The median time to diagnosis of metastatic brain tumors was 5 months， and 890％ patients were diagnosed with brain metastases within 2 years. The median time of diagnosis was 3 months and 6 months for patients with or without extracranial metastases. The difference was statistically significant （P＜005）. There were 227 cases of brain metastases， 149 cases of supratentorial metastasis， 15 cases of simple subtentorial metastasis， and 63 cases of supratentorial and subtentorial metastasis. The frontal（528％） and parietal（448％） lobes were the most common sites in the patients with supratentorial metastases. There were significant differences in the distribution of single and multiple foci in brain metastases of different pathological types （P＜005）. 
ConclusionBrain metastases are more frequent in patients with lung cancer within two years. The risk of brain metastases is higher in one year with other organ metastases. Brain metastases from lung cancer usually occur frequently， with metastases mostly on the supratentorial.

ObjectiveTo observe the relationship between tumor regression grade （TRG） and imaging findings after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable patients who were initially considered as unresectable colorectal cancer with liver metastases. 
MethodsFrom January 2012 to June 2017， the clinical data of 26 patients with advanced liver cancer who were initially resectablewere retrospectively analyzed and 6 of them were converted to resectable patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The efficacy and safety were evaluated by RECIST 11 and NCICTC 40 criteria， respectively. An AJCCTRG grading criterion was used for TRG. Correlation analysis between radiographic regression and TRG was performed by using Spearman grade correlation analysis. The KaplanMeier method was used for survival analysis. 
ResultsThe efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated in 6 patients. The total treatment cycle of chemotherapy of 6 patients was 42， and the median treatment cycle was 6 （314 cycles）. Three cases of PR and 3 cases of SD were observed. One case of TRG 2 and 5 cases of TRG 3 were observed. There was no correlation between TRG and imaging findings （r=0131， P=0805）. The major treatmentrelated side effects including leucopenia， neutropenia， nausea， vomiting， fatigue and etc， were mainly in grade 12. The overall survival was 100274 months with a median overall survival of 255 months. 
ConclusionThere was inconsistency in TRG and imaging findings after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable patients initially considered as unresectable colorectal cancer with liver metastases. The inconsistency was related to TNM stage， radiotherapy and pathology technique.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil combimed with oxaliplatin or paclitaxel sequentical S1 regimen after gastric cancer surgery. 
MethodsFrom January 2009 to September 2013， this retrospective analysis enrolled 166 cases of gastric cancer patients following D2 radical resection in Fujian Tumor Hospital， including 108 cases receiving fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin／paclitaxel biweekly regimen （control group） and 58 patients receiving fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin／paclitaxel biweekly regimen with sequential S1 （observation group）. Survival analysis was performed by KaplanMeier method. The median diseasefree survival （DFS） and overall survival （OS） of the two groups were compared. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. 
ResultsA total of 166 patients were followed up for 99929 months with a median followup of 403 months. The median DFS and OS of the observation group were 525 and 639 months， longer than 352 and 499 months of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜005）. Univariate analysis showed that pathological stage and sequential S1 therapy were related to prognosis. Gender， age， ECOG， histological differentiation， depth of invasion， lymph node status， location of primary tumor， chemotherapy regimen and chemotherapy cycle were not related to prognosis. Cox model multifactor analysis showed that pathological stage and sequential S1 therapy were independent factors affecting OS and DFS. 
ConclusionPostoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin or paclitaxel with sequential S1 regimen can significantly improve the prognosis of gastric cancer， and pathological stage and sequential S1 therapy can be used as an independent prognostic indicator to guide adjuvant therapy after D2 radical surgery for gastric cancer.

Programmed death 1 （PD1） and its ligand （PDL1） can inhibit the proliferation and function of T and B cells by regulating cellular signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications. In the past decade， immune checkpoint blockades， such as inhibitors against PD1／PDL1，have received surprising clinical response in a variety of malignant tumors. However， the subsequent primary and acquired resistance has become a new problem， which not only influences longlasting response of PD1／PDL1 blockade therapy， but also limits its wide application in clinic. This paper will make a review on the related mechanisms of the regulation of PD1／PDL1 pathway and the resistance to PD1／PDL1 blockade therapy.

Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer plays an important role in improving the prognosis. The role of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy has been identified. However， there is no consensus on the choice of postoperative adjuvant protocols. Treatment options vary from region to region， but there is strong evidence for various recommended adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in improving patient survival. Investigators from various countries have been exploring over years in order to find the appropriate patients to be treated and the most beneficial chemotherapy regimes. They conducted a number of studies which had confirmed the role of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and compared the benefit of different chemotherapies. This review introduces the current situation and progress in the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer.