Chinese Clinical Oncology

Influence of irinotecan on radiation sensitization and the activity of nuclear factor κB of esophageal cancer cells

OUYANG Yuxiu， XU Zhijian， YE Yijing， BAI Yuhai.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 961.

Abstract ( 388 )

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Objective To investigate the effect of irinotecan （CPT-11） on radiosensitization and nuclear factor （NF）κB of esophageal cancer cells EC109. Methods MTT assay was used to observe the cell survival rates after treatment with different concentrations of CPT-11 （20， 50， 100， 200 μmol／L） for 24， 48 and 72 h as to screen the concentration with low cytotoxicity drug for subsequent experiments. According to the experimental design， the EC109 cells were divided into the control group， the irradiation group and the CPT-11+irradiation group. The survival fraction （SF） of different doses of Xrays （0， 2， 4， 6， 8 and 10 Gy） was detected by clone formation assay and the cell survival curve was calculated by using the multiple target model to calculate the enhancement ratio （SER）. The activation rate of caspase-3 and apoptotic rate were detected by flow cytometry after 48 h. Foci focus formation was applied to detect the DNA damage of each group. Western blotting was used to detect the protein level of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α in each group. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（qPCR） was applied to detect the Rad51 level in each group. Results CPT-11 in the range of 20～200 mol／L can decrease the proliferation rate of EC109 cells. The inhibitory effect was exerted in a dose and time dependent manner and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Then， the concentration of CPT-11 close to 20% inhibition concentration（IC₂₀）（25 μmol／L） was selected in the following sensitivity test. The SFs of CPT-11+irradiation group were lower than those of the irradiation group， and the D0 of CPT-11+group was 1.39±0.14， lower than 2.46±0.17 of irradiation group with SER of 1.77. Compared with the control group and the irradiation group， the apoptotic rate， caspase-3 activation rate and the number of Foci focus were all increased， while the Rad51 level was decreased， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Compared with other two groups， there were lower level of NF-κB p65 and higher level of IκB-α in CPT-11+irradiation group （P＜0.05）. Conclusion CPT-11 can inhibit the proliferation， has the function of radiation sensitization and induce apoptosis of EC109 cells， which may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB pathway.

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Effects of miR-143 on proliferation and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma GRC-1 cells and its target HIF-1α

LI Dong， LIU Xisheng， WANG Xinming， WANG Shuai， TAO Xiaoxin.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 967.

Abstract ( 436 )

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Objective To investigate the effects of miR-143 on proliferation and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma GRC-1 cells and its target hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）.
MethodsRenal cell carcinoma cell line GRC-1 cells were transfected with miR-143 mimics， and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） was performed to evaluate the efficiency of transfection. According to the experiment， the GRC-1 cells were divided into 3 groups： non-transfection group， miR-143 control group and miR-143 transfection group. MTT method was used to detect the proliferation of cells in each group. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of each group. The qPCR and Western blotting were employed to measure the mRNA and protein level of HIF-1α. Dual luciferase reporter gene was applied to verify the relationship between miR-143 and HIF-1α. Results The level of miR-143 in miR-143 transfection group was higher than those in non-transfection group and miR-143 control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Compared with other two groups， there were decreased proliferation rates but increased apoptotic rates in miR-143 transfection group （P＜0.05）. Transient overexpression of miR-143 in GRC-1 cells decreased the expression of HIF-1α on both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover， dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that HIF-1α was a direct target of miR-143 in GRC-1 cells.
ConclusionmiR-143 may regulate the proliferation of GRC-1 cells， and HIF-1α is a direct target of miR-143.

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Expression and clinical significance of FAT10， NF-κB p50 in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast

CHEN Yanyan， YANG Chenggang， YE En.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 972.

Abstract ( 456 )

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Objective To investigate the expression of human leukocyte antigen F-associated transcript 10 （FAT10） and nuclear factor κB p50（NF-κB p50） in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast， and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.
MethodsFAT10 and NF-κB p50 expression in 112 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast and in 53 breast noncancerous tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between FAT10， NF-κB p50 expression and clinicopathological features of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast were analyzed.
ResultsThe positive rate of FAT10 and NF-κB p50 expression in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast was 77.68％（87/112） and 81.25％（91/112） respectively， significantly higher than 39.62％（21／53）and 45.28％（24／53）in the noncancerous tissues，and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.001）. The expression of FAT10， NF-κB p50 was related to lymph node metastasis， distant metastasis and TNM stages of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast（P＜0.05）. But they had no obvious relation to age， tumor size and molecular type（P＞0.05）. The expression of FAT10 was positively correlated with the expression of NF-κB p50（r=0.624，P＜0.001）.
ConclusionThe expression of FAT10， NF-κB p50 is closely associated with malignancy and invasive metastasis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast. They may together promote tumor's occurrence and development.

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Expression of Cyclin D1 and PTEN protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their clinical significance

Department of General Surgery, Panzhihua Pangangs General Hospital

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 976.

Abstract ( 467 )

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Objective To investigate the expression of Cyclin D1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN） in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC）， and their clinical significance. Methods From March 2013 to December 2014， 70 cases of PTC and paired adjacent normal tissues were enrolled. The expression of PTEN and Cyclin D1 in above tissues was detected by immunohistochemical EnVision twostep method. The correlation of Cyclin D1 and PTEN， as well as the relationship of them with clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results The positive rate of Cyclin D1 was 77.1％（54／70） in PTC tissues， higher than 12.9％（9／70） of adjacent normal tissues with statistical significance （P＜0.001）. The positive rate of PTEN was 21.4％（15／70）in PTC tissues， lower than 81.4％（57／70） of adjacent normal tissues with statistical sgnificance（P＜0.001）. The expression of Cyclin D1 was related with lymph node metastasis and clinical staging（P＜0.05）， but not with age， gender and the size of tumor（P＞0.05）. The expression of PTEN was associated with gender， lymph node metastasis and clinical staging（P＜0.05）， but not with age and the size of tumor（P＞0.05）. Cyclin D1 was not correlated with PTEN （r=0.105， P=0.386）. Conclusion Cyclin D1 is overexpressed in PTC tissues， while PTEN is lower expressed. The two proteins are both related with lymph node metastasis and clinical staging. Cyclin D1 and PTEN may play a role in the occurrence and development of PTC.

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Screening of differentially expressed Wnt signaling pathway genes in hepatocellular carcinoma and its significance

YE Yingquan， ZHU Zhongzheng，WANG Liangliang， BAO Lingling， CONG Wenming， WEN Bingji.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 980.

Abstract ( 485 )

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Objective To detect the differentially expressed Wnt signaling pathway genes in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, and investigate the relationship between HCC and Wnt signaling pathway. Methods The expression levels of 78 genes related Wnt signaling pathway were measured using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 20 array in 93 cases of HCC tissues and paired nontumor liver tissues.
Results A total of 10 up-regulated genes （TCF19， MMP-12， DKK1， Bcl-9， SFRP4， MMP-1， PYGO2， FZD6， MMP-9 and Wnt6）， and 5 down-regulated genes （SFRP1， TCF21， SFRP5， FZD1 and Wnt2） were identified to be significantly differentially expressed in HCC tissues， compared with paired non-tumor liver tissues. The expression level of TCF19， the most overexpressed gene in this series （fold change=9.61， P=1.07×10^-26）， was significantly correlated with FZD1， FZD6， Bcl-9， Wnt6， MMP-1 and MMP-12 （P＜0.05）. The expression of TCF19 was significantly associated with the number of tumor （P=0.017） and Edmondson-Steiner grade （P=0.046）. Conclusion Multiple differentially expressed genes in Wnt signaling pathway in HCC are screened. Increased expression of TCF19， a downstream transcription factor， may be the key terminal effect of the Wnt signaling pathway activation， and its biological and pathological significance in HCC merits further investigations.

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Correlation between the expression of Livin and the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy

LIU Aihua， HE Anbing， TONG Wenxian， LI Xiaoguang， WANG Hu， TIAN Qian， PENG Xiulan， XU Huilin.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 985.

Abstract ( 370 )

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Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of Livin and the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. Methods A total of 114 nasopharyngeal cancer patients who received radiotherapy for the first time were enrolled in this study. Before treatment， the expression of Livin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues was detected by immunohistochemical SP method. The relationship between the expression of Livin and the short／longterm efficacy， as well as clinicopathological features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was observed. Cox hazardregression model was used to analyze the factors influencing overall survival （OS） and progressionfree survival （PFS）. Results The positive expression rate of Livin protein in 114 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 65.8％（75／114）. The response rate was 94.9％（37／39） in patients with negative Livin expression after radiotherapy， and it was 72.0％（54／75） in patients with positive Livin expression after radiotherapy. The expression of Livin was related to clinical staging， cervical lymph node metastasis， N-staging and Tstaging （P＜0.05）， but not to age and gender （P＞0.05）. The 5year survival rate and 5-year progressionfree survival rate were 53.3％ and 48.0％ of patients with positive Livin expression， lower than 92.3％ and 87.2％ of patients with negative Livin expression （P＜0.05）. Cox hazardregression model showed that expression of Livin， clinical staging and Nstaging were independent risk factors affecting OS after radiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma， and Livin expression and clinical staging were the independent risk factors influencing PFS. Conclusion The expression of Livin is associated with the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma， and it may be used as an indicator for the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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Expression of Maspin and Bmi-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their clinical significance

NING Haidan， LIANG Hai， LEI Ting.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 990.

Abstract ( 357 )

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Objective To investigate the expression of Maspin and Bmi-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their relationship with clinical pathological characteristics.
Methods An immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Maspin and Bmi-1 proteins in 60 nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples and 40 adjacent normal nasopharyngeal tissues. Then the relationship between Maspin, Bmi-1 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of Maspin in nasopharynegeal carcinoma and normal tissues was 45.0%（27/60） and 90.0%（36/40） with significant difference（P＜0.05）. The positive expression rate of Bmi1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and normal tissues was 75.0％（45／60） and 25.0％（10／40）， and the difference was statistically significant（P＜0.05）. The expression of Maspin and Bmi-1 was not correlated with the age（P＞0.05）， but with the degree of malignancy， lymph node metastasis and clinical stage （P＜0.05）.The expression of Maspin and Bmi-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma showed significant negative correlation（r=-0.406，P＜0.05）. Conclusion The expression of Maspin and Bmi-1 plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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The long-term survival outcomes of 635 patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensitymodulated radiation therapy in non endemic area

WANG Tingting， SONG Dan， WU Lirong， YIN Li， HUANG Shengfu， HE Xia.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 994.

Abstract ( 413 )

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Objective To evaluate the longterm survival outcomes and prognostic factors of locoregionally advanced （Ⅲ, ⅣA, ⅣB） nasopharyngeal carcinoma（NPC） patients treated with intensitymodulated radiation therapy （IMRT） plus chemotherapy in Jiangsu Province. Methods From January 2009 to December 2013， 635 locoregionally advanced NPC patients treated by IMRT and platinumbased chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Survival data were calculated with a KaplanMeier method. Logrank test and Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed to investigate the risk factors of prognosis. Results With a median follow-up of 63.5 months （range 5.92 months）， the 5-year local recurrence-free survival （LRFS）， regional recurrence-free survival （RRFS）， distant metastasisfree survival （DMFS）， diseasefree survival （DFS） and overall survival （OS） rates were 88.4％， 94.2％， 79.2％， 71.9% and 76.3％， respectively. Of the 635 patients， 175 （276％） developed failure after treatment. Distant metastasis （n=131, 749％） was the major failure pattern after treatment. T stage was an independent prognostic factor for LRFS. N stage， clinical stage and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for RRFS， DMFS， DFS and OS. Conclusion IMRT provides satisfactory longterm outcome for NPC. T and N stage are important prognostic factors， as well as chemotherapy.

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The curative effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for the part of patients with mediastinal lymph nodes after esophagectomy

ZHOU Shaobing， DING Wenxiu， GUO Xinwei， LIU Yangchen.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1001.

Abstract ( 350 )

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Objective To evaluate the influence of gross tumor volume（GTV）＞40 cm³ of mediastinal lymph nodes on the curative effect of patients with esophageal cancer receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy after esophagectomy.
Methods From June 2010 to November 2012， sixty patients with GTV ＞40 cm³of mediastinal lymph nodes were randomly assigned to receive three dimensional conformal radiotherapy （control group， n=30） and concurrent chemoradiotherapy （treatment group， n=30）. As for radiotherapy， the total radiation dose was 60-64 Gy at a fraction of 2 Gy with 5 f／week. Treatment group received paclitaxel and cisplatin （TP） regime additionally. Response to chemotherapy was assessed by RECIST criteria 1.1 and toxicity was evaluated according to RGOT standard. The clinical follow-up data from chemotherapy were investigated. Results All patients were available for evaluation. The total response rate （RR） and disease control rate （DCR） were 86.7％ and 100.0％ in treatment group， and 60.0％ and 96.7％ in control group. The RR of treatment group was higher than that of control group （P＜0.05）. No significant difference was observed on DCR between both groups （P＞0.05）. The median overall survival of the treatment group and the control group were 27.0 months and 22.0 months， respectively， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. The 1-， 2- and 3-year survival rates were 90.0％， 53.3％ and 26.7％ in treatment group and 73.3％， 23.3％ and 6.7％ in control group， respectively. The difference of 3-year survival rate between both groups was statistically significance （P＜0.05）. The adverse reactions of the whole group were mainly of radioactive esophagitis， radiation pneumonia， gastrointestinal reaction and bone marrow suppression， all of which were 1-2 grade， and there was no 3-4 grade adverse reaction. There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between both groups （P＞0.05）. Conclusion Concurrent chemoradiotherapy improved the local control rate and survival rate for GTV＞40 cm³ of mediastinal lymph node metastasis after esophagectomy with mild and tolerated adverse reaction.

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Prognostic analysis of PKM2 gene in breast cancer patients

ZHANG Shen，GONG Haibing，TAO Yuansheng.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1005.

Abstract ( 356 )

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Objective To explore the expression of PKM2 gene in breast cancer patients， and investigate the impact of PKM2 gene expression on prognosis of breast cancer.
MethodsBioinformatics and free open gene chip dataset provided by Oncomine database and gene expression omnibus （GEO） database were used to analyze the expression of PKM2 gene in breast cancer patients. The relationship between PKM2 gene and prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed depending on PKM2 expression level. Results Expression level of PKM2 gene in breast cancer was significantly higher than that in normal breast tissue （P＜0. 05）. The diseasespecific survival rate of breast cancer patients with highexpression of PKM2 gene were significantly lower than those with lowexpression of PKM2 gene（HR=1.897，95％CI：1.117-3.221， P＜0.05）.The diseasefree survival time and the recurrencefree survival time of breast cancer patients with highexpression of PKM2 gene was significantly shorter than those with low-expression of PKM2 gene（HR=1.605， 95％CI：1.050-2.451， P=0.029； HR=7.377， 95％CI：1.906-28.548， P=0.004）. Conclusion PKM2 gene is high expression in breast cancer， and the expression level of PKM2 has important significance in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.

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Comparison of S-1 plus nedaplatin versus docetaxel as secondline chemotherapy for advanced pulmonary squamous cell cancer

SHANG Di， YIN Shengjie， JI Hongbo， WANG Lei， WANG Lele， WANG Xiaoying， SUN Lili， MA Changwu.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1011.

Abstract ( 377 )

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Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of S-1 plus nedaplatin with docetaxel monotherapy in the treatment of secondline chemotherapy for advanced pulmonary squamous cell cancer. Methods In this study， 87 patients with advanced pulmonary squamous carcinoma who had failed firstline platinumbased chemotherapy regimen were enrolled. Forty-three cases received S-1 combined with nedaplatin as observation group and 44 cases received docetaxel monotherapy as control group with every 21 days as one cycle. Response to chemotherapy was assessed in two cycles by RECIST criteria 1.1 and toxicity was evaluated according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria 4.0. The survival and score of quality of life was evaluated at the same time. Results Eighty-seven patients could be evaluated for recent efficacy and adverse reaction. The response rates were 23.3％ and 18.2％ in observation group and control group without significant difference （P＞0.05）. The disease control rate of observation group was 65.1％， higher than 40.9％ of control group with significant difference （P＜0.05）. The median progression free survival （PFS） were 3.6 months（95%CI: 2.44-4.76 months） and 2.9 months（95%CI: 2.54-3.26 months） in observation group and control group with significant difference （P＜0.05）. The score of quality of life in the observation group and control group were both improved, and the differences were not statistically significant（P＞0.05）. The main adverse reaction of the observation group was hematology toxicity and gastrointestinal reaction and in control group was hematology toxicity and oral stomatitis. Adverse reactions could be alleviated by symptomatic treatment. Conclusion S-1 combined with nedaplatin as the second-line treatment of advanced pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma may have a better efficacy compared to docetaxel monotherapy， and its toxicities are tolerable.

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Changes of serum AGR2 of advanced non-small cell lung cancer before and after chemotherapy and its clinical significance

QIN Fang， WANG Hongwu， ZHOU Yunzhi， HE Xiaoyun， ZHANG Nan.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1015.

Abstract ( 349 )

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Objective To investigate the changes of serum anterior gradient-2 （AGR2） in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer （NSCLC） before and after chemotherapy and the relationship of it with prognosis. Methods From June 2013 to September 2015， 35 patients with NSCLC were treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen （treatment group）. Meanwhile， 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. The level of serum AGR2 was detected by ELISA in treatment group before and after chemotherapy and control group. The relationship of serum AGR2 with prognosis and clinical pathologic features was analyzed. Results The level of serum AGR2 before chemotherapy in treatment group was （15.63±5.20） ng／ml， higher than （3.65±1.38） ng／ml in control group （P＜0.01）. Serum level of AGR2 after chemotherapy was （8.56±2.66） ng／ml， significantly lower than the level before chemotherapy in NSCLC patients （P＜0.01）. The serum levels of AGR2 in NSCLC patients before and after chemotherapy were closely related to tumor size and clinical stages （P＜0.05）. Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that the level of serum AGR2 before chemotherapy was an independent factor of influencing the survival time.
Conclusion The level of serum AGR2 may have potential clinical value to assess the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and prognosis in patients of NSCLC.

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The clinical effects for the prostate cancer patients treated reduced clinical target volume of intensity-modulated radiotherapy

LUO Huachun， CHENG Huihua， FU Zhichao， WANG Kai，FENG Jing， LEI Yong， LIAO Shaoguang， LI Rui.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1019.

Abstract ( 367 )

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Objective To investigate the longterm outcome and safety of prostate cancer patients treated with intensitymodulated radiotherapy（IMRT） reduced clinical target volume（CTV）. Methods From Jan. 2006 to Jun. 2010，78 patients with prostate cancer were treated with IMRT. Total dose was 72.6 Gy，2.2 Gy per fraction， 33 fractions. The indexes of clinical observation including acute and chronic injury, overall survival（OS）， freedom from biochemical（FFB）， progressionfree survival（PFS）， distant metastasisfree survival（DMFS）. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the risk factors predicting the prognosis. Results The volume of tumor according our protocol and RTOG were （274.21±92.64） cm3 and （600.68±113.72） cm³， separately, and the differences were statistically significant（P＜005）. All patients were completed on schedule radiotherapy， bone marrow suppression was in grade 1， acute urinary injury was mostly in grade1-2， and the intestinal damage priority was in grade 1. By December 31, 2014， the 5 -years follow-up rate was 91.0％. The 5-year survival rate, 5year progressionfree survival rate, 5year freedom from biochemical rate and distant metastasis-free survival rate were 82.1％，79.4％，84.6％ and 94.9％, respectively. Cox's proportional hazards regression model showed age，PSA，ECOG score and Gleason score were the independent risk factors of OS and PFS.
Conclusion The reduced CTV can gain comfortable survival benefit， and it can reduce acute and chronic injury， meanwhile， it can protect hematopoietic function of patients.

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Effect of Shenchai keli on the toxicity reaction in chemotherapy of advanced gastrointestinal tumors

ZHU Liqun， LI Sheng， ZHONG Yuejiao， ZHU Liangjun.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1024.

Abstract ( 334 )

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Objective To investigate the influence of Shenchai keli on the common adverse reactions in chemotherapy of advanced gastrointestinal tumors.
Methods A total of 64 patients diagnosed with advanced gastrointestinal tumors were randomly divided into 2 groups. Thirtytwo cases with Shenchai keli combined chemotherapy was treatment group， 32 cases with simple chemotherapy was control group. Blood routine examination， immune function， quality of life and the changes of the main indicators between two groups before and after chemotherapy were compared after 2 curative cycles. Results Decreasing of white blood cell， neutrophile granulocyte， blood platelet of treatment group were smaller than those of control group （P＜0.05）. The proportion of CD4+T cell，CD4+／CD8+ and NKT cell of treatment group were higher than those of control group （P＜0.05）. The improvement rate of nausea and vomiting， pain， loss of appetite in treatment group were higher than those in control group （P＜0.05）. Conclusion Combined application of Shenchai keli and chemotherapy can significantly improve the common adverse reactions in advanced gastrointestinal tumors.

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Clinical pathological characteristics and curative effect of primary angiosarcoma：a report of 24 cases

LV Chunyan， SUN Ruimei， ZHANG Lilin， LIAO Mange， LI Xiaojiang.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1027.

Abstract ( 388 )

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Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of angiosarcoma （AS）. Methods In a retrospective analysis， the clinical and followup data of 24 patients with AS treated by the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 1998 to December 2015 were analyzed. Eight cases only received the surgery and other 16 cases received comprehensive treatment， including surgery plus chemotherapy， surgery plus radiotherapy， surgery plus radiotherapy and chemotherapy and surgery plus radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of AS were analyzed. The factors influencing the prognosis of the patients were analyzed with Cox risk proportional regression model.
Results The medium diseasefree survival of whole group was 12.0 months， including 9 cases （37.5％） of local recurrence and 18 cases （75.0％） of distant metastasis. The medium overall survival of whole group was 24.0 months， and 1， 3， 5 and 10year survival rates were 65.2％， 45.6％， 30.4％ and 13.2％， respectively. Univariate analysis showed that tumor size， stage, grade malignancy and treatment patterns associated with prognosis. Multiple factors analysis showed tumor size， grade malignancy， stage and treatment patterns were independent prognostic factors.
ConclusionThe treatment of AS should adopt comprehensive therapy that based on the radical surgery and supplemented by radiotherapy， chemotherapy and targeted therapy， etc. Prognosis should consider synthetically age， tumor size， malignant degree， stage， treatment and relapse transfer. It is the key to take comprehensive treatment for the first time.

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Progress in revealing the immunological mechanisms behind the antitumor activity of oxaliplatin

GONG Xinlei， YANG Liuqing， QIN Shukui.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1031.

Abstract ( 899 )

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Oxaliplatin is the thirdgeneration platinum compound with the some advantages of high efficiency， low toxicity and difficult to resistant etc， thus obviously different from other first- and second-generation platinum drugs. Recent studies have shown that in addition to cytotoxic effect of oxaliplatin that is direct action in cancer cell DNA， immunological mechanism is a new and very important aspect of its anti-tumour effect. Thus this paper want to briefly review the study progression of immunological mechanisms in oxaliplatin antitumour effect and its clinical implications，to help oncologists understanding related issues and expanding treatment as well as research thought.

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Impact of microenvironment on immunotherapies in gastric cancer

WANG Xiaolu， JIANG Jingting， WU Changping.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1038.

Abstract ( 396 )

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Gastric cancer is one of the malignant tumors with high mortality of digestive system. At present， the main treatment methods of gastric cancer are surgical resection， radiotherapy and chemotherapy， however， the outcome is not as good as expected. Along with the rapid development of immunology， cancer immunotherapy has become a research hotspot. Immunotherapies such as tumor vaccine and immune checkpoints targeted therapy have exhibited a promising prospect. Because of the complex pathogenesis and heterogeneity of gastric cancer， many problems still remain to be solved. Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor occurrence， development and metastasis. This article reviews the research achievements， problems and prospects of tumor microenvironment and immunotherapies for gastric cancer.

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Research progress of circular RNAs and tumor

HOU Lidan， ZHANG Jing， MENG Xiangjun.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1043.

Abstract ( 360 )

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Circular RNA （circRNA） as a newly discovered covalently closed circular noncoding RNA， is produced from back splicing and exists in a variety of biological cells， characterized by the stable structure， conserved sequence and some tissuespecificity. Recent studies show that circRNAs function as microRNA sponges to inhibit miRNA activity， involving the regulation of gene transcription and binding with RNAbinding proteins. As the new regulatory molecules， circRNAs play an important role in tumor development and progression， and serve as the novel potential biomarkers，providing new strategies for cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy. Herein， we review the properties， biogenesis， and functions of circRNAs and discuss its role in cancer.

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The research progress of radiation-induced lung injury

CHEN Yin，WANG Xiaoping.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2016, 21 (11): 1048.

Abstract ( 355 )

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Radiation-induced lung injury（RILI） is a common complication in radiotherapy of thoracic tumors. RILI is a limiting factor to improve the radiation dose of the target area，affect the quality of life of patients， and even endanger the life of patients. For RILI， this paper mainly reviews the research progress of its pathogenesis， influencing factors and Chinese and Western medicine therapy.

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标准刊号：	ISSN 1009-0460
	CN 32-1577/R