Oxaliplatin is the thirdgeneration platinum compound with the some advantages of high efficiency， low toxicity and difficult to resistant etc， thus obviously different from other first- and second-generation platinum drugs. Recent studies have shown that in addition to cytotoxic effect of oxaliplatin that is direct action in cancer cell DNA， immunological mechanism is a new and very important aspect of its anti-tumour effect. Thus this paper want to briefly review the study progression of immunological mechanisms in oxaliplatin antitumour effect and its clinical implications，to help oncologists understanding related issues and expanding treatment as well as research thought.

Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer plays an important role in improving the prognosis. The role of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy has been identified. However， there is no consensus on the choice of postoperative adjuvant protocols. Treatment options vary from region to region， but there is strong evidence for various recommended adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in improving patient survival. Investigators from various countries have been exploring over years in order to find the appropriate patients to be treated and the most beneficial chemotherapy regimes. They conducted a number of studies which had confirmed the role of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and compared the benefit of different chemotherapies. This review introduces the current situation and progress in the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer.

Radiation therapy occupies an irreplaceable position for cancer therapy. Most tumors are radiation resistant with hypoxic cells，so it's important to increase the radiosensitization. At present，the radiosensitization concept has developed including DNA damage，angiogenesis，cell signal transduction，cell cycle dysfunction, apoptosis，and other fields. This article reviews the recent literature and the relevant issues concerning the role of the mechanism，strategy，and drugs of radiosensitization.

Objective To investigate the influence of weight changes during adjuvant therapy on the prognosis of breast cancer patients after operation.
Methods The clinical data of 186 cases with breast cancer were collected. According to the weight change during adjuvant therapy, 186 patients were divided into 3 groups: weight loss group, weight stable group and weight gain group. The clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed among groups. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model analysis were preformed to make univariate and multivariate analysis on diseasefree survival（DFS）. Results Weight change was associated with age，body mass index，radiotherapy，clinical stage，smoking and gastrointestinal reaction. Univariate analysis showed that weight change was associated with DFS and Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that during adjuvant therapy weight gain was an independent prognostic factor associated with poorer clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients（χ2=12.107，P=0.002）. Conclusion Weight change during adjuvant therapy was an independent negative prognostic factor for DFS in breast cancer patients. Therefore, maintaining normal weight may contribute to the prevention of breast cancer.

Objective  To investigate the application of antiemetic drugs in cancer patients during chemotherapy， so as to provide reference for rational drug use. Methods Clinical data of 533 tumor patients receiving chemotherapy in changhai hospital from June 2016 to May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed， and variables including age， primary tumor diagnosis， chemotherapy regimen and its emetogenic risk， adherence to guidline were collected. In this study， a descriptive statistical analysis was applied on the data of patients receiving single day or multiday chemotherapy regimen， according to NCCN antiemesis guideline. Results  In 533 patients receiving chemotherapy， the proportion of 5-HT3 antagonist preventive antiemetic therapy was 100％. Among them， the guidelines for high risk of vomiting were in accordance with the rate of chemotherapy. The daily chemotherapy was higher than that of the single day chemotherapy， which was 22.29％ and 15.79％ respectively. Conclusion  The prophylactic use of antiemetic drugs in cancer patients is based on 5-HT3 receptor antagonist combined with hormone， and the low compliance rate of antiemetic drug use is associated with the accessibility of aprepitant.

Endocrine therapies are effective to estrogen receptor α （ER） positive breast cancer. However， intrinsic and acquired endocrine resistance has always been the puzzle. ER is a nuclear protein， encoded by the ESR1 gene. ESR1 mutation plays an important role in endocrine resistance in ER positive breast cancer. ESR1-related genomic abnormalities include copy number changes，genomic rearrangements and missense point mutation. The finding of ER ligand binding domain（LBD） mutations can deepen the understanding of the endocrine resistance mechanisms. Furthermore，the dynamic changes between the agonist and antagonist conformation of the ER LBD mutants can also result in endocrine resistance. Now，studies on the target therapy of endocrine resistance mainly focus on increasing the doses of fulvestrant or tamoxifen or more potent selective estrin receptor modulators or estrogen receptor downregulators，new agents targeting ER co-activators，or targeting classical ER downstream genes （CDK4／6 inhibitors）. The studies on new agents are expected to resolve the endocrine resistance problems.

Objective To investigate the safety，feasibility and clinical application value of the robotic-assisted gynecological surgery in the treatment of cervical cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 75 cases of cervical cancer who undergoing radical hysterectomy at General Hospital of the Second Artillery between March 2010 and February 2014， including 23 cases of cervical cancer undergoing robotic radical hysterectomy（RRH）, 15 cases of cervical cancer undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy（LRH） and 37 cases of cervical cancer undergoing abdominal radical hysterectomy（ARH）. Results The operation blood loss was（110.6±31.0）ml，（274.2±44.6）ml and（1219.0±738.7）ml; volume of blood transfusion was（17±100）ml，（80±160）ml and（1000±560）ml; operative complications was 8.6％， 20.0％ and 48.6％ and postoperative anal exhaust time was（33.2±17.0）h，（51.0±10.8）h and（63.7±7.9）h in RRH， LRH and ARH group， respectively. The differences of the above indexes in RRH group was of statistical significance compared with LRH and ARH group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Robotic-assisted gynecological surgery in the treatment of cervical cancer is safe and feasible compared with laparoscopy and open abdomen operation. It has certain clinical application value because of its advantages such as less operation blood loss and operative complications and shorter postoperative anal exhaust time.

Objective To observe the effects and adverse reactions of bevacizumab in brain metastases patients with serious cerebral edema. Methods

Retrospective analysis of 14 cases of brain metastasis patients with serious cerebral edema， including 7 cases of breast cancer， 5 cases of lung cancer， 1

case of esophagus cancer and 1 case of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Mannitol， dexamethasone and other conventional treatment were not effective in these patients. The symptom， quality of life and the volume of edema in T2 weighted MRI images before and after the bevacizumab treatment were compared. The adverse reactions were recorded in detail. Results The medium dose of bevacizumab was 4.76 mg/kg. The symptoms of 11 cases of brain metastases were significantly relieved after the bevacizumab treatment. Brain MRI indicated that the edema volumes before and after the treatment were reduced significantly［（38 804±14 859）mm3 vs.（80 100±28 338）mm3，P=0.02］. The edema index had a reduced trend（15.38±7.12 vs. 26.40±16.52，P＞0.05）. Adverse reactions associated with bevacizumab included bleeding in the nasal cavity and death in 1 patient， and hypertension in 3 patient. There were no proteinuria， anemia， stomatitis and other complications. Conclusion Bevacizumab has significant efficacy for treating serious cerebral edema， but patients should be selected carefully before receiving bevacizumab to avoid serious adverse reactions.

In recent years， the incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in patients with lung cancer increased year by year. However， the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with lung cancer （IPF-LC） is difficult because of the lack of specific clinical manifestations， hematological and imaging features. IPF-LC patients often can not tolerate chemotherapy due to poor pulmonary function and other reasons， so the treatment options are limited. On the other hand，radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted treatment will increase the process of pulmonary fibrosis， leading to the treatment difficulties and poor prognosis. This study aims to summarize the epidemiology， pathogenesis， clinical features and treatment of IPF-LC.

Objective  To summarize the clinicopathological characteristics， diagnosis and therapy as well as the prognostic factors of patients with thymic squamous cell carcinoma （TSCC）. Methods Twenty-four patients with TSCC admitted to Beijing Chest Hospital from January 2006 to April 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them， 15 cases received surgical treatment （10 cases of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy after operation， 3 cases of chemotherapy after operation， 1 case of radiotherapy after operation and 1 case without adjuvant treatment after operation） and 9 cases received palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The clinical data of TSCC patients were analyzed. Follow-up data were collected and survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results All patients were followed up for 1.0 to 139.0 months with a median follow-up time of 53.2 months. The overall survival （OS） was 2.5-139.0 months with a median OS of 68.1 months. The 1-， 3- and 5-year survival rates were 70.8％， 54.2％ and 41.7％， respectively. Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis indicated that Masaoka stage （P=0.018）， surgical resection （P=0.016） and surgical resection integrity （P=0.017） were the prognostic factors of TSCC patients. Postoperative radiotherapy did not prolong the patients’ prognosis （P=0.401）. Conclusion The clinical manifestation of TSCC is lack of specificity. Surgery is the main treatment. Masaoka stage and surgery have an impact on the prognosis of patients. Radical surgery has a better prognosis than palliative surgery. Postoperative radiotherapy has not been able to benefit patients’ survival. Clinical treatment should be formulated according to the physical condition of patients and the integrity of tumor resection.

 Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare group of mesenchymal malignancies except bone or cartilage, with a low incidence rate. Patients with advanced STS have limited treatment options, poor prognosis and high mortality. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made great breakthroughs in the field of tumor therapy, greatly improving the prognosis of patients with various malignancies. However, efficacy of ICIs in the treatment of STS remains unravelled. This review summarizes the role of the ICIs in various sets of advanced STS treatment and provides future research directions, hoping to serve as a reference for clinicians.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features in cutaneous metastases of malignant tumors and explore the prognostic factors.
MethodsThe clinicopathological data， treatment and follow-up data of 48 patients with metastatic cutaneous tumors admitted by the third affiliated hospital of Soochow University from January 2006 to February 2013 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate analysis and Cox multivariate analysis.Results Metastatic cutaneous tumors mainly occur in the trunk， as a single or multiple nodules and masses. The primary tumor in males mostly located in lung and colon， followed by the esophagus and stomach， and prone to metastasis to chest and abdomen. In contrast， the primary in females mostly located in breast， which were apt to metastasis to the chest. The main pathological types of metastatic cutaneous tumors were adenocarcinoma（35／48） and squamous cell carcinoma（7／48）. At end of followup， 20 patients died， 12 cases lost and 16 cases survived. The medium survival time was 17.0 months. The prognostic factors were with or without combined therapy and other organ metastasis. Conclusion The prognosis in the patients with skin metastasis was poor. Other organ metastases could shorten the patients' survival times. Therefore， reasonable， effective and comprehensive treatment could alleviate the symptoms， prolong the survival times and improve the quality of life.

Signet ring cell carcinoma（SCC） is a special form of adenocarcinoma with a large vacuole full of mucin displacing the nucleus to the periphery. The frequency of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma is about 3.4％-39％. With the characteristics of high degree of malignancy， poor differentiation， intramural diffuse infiltrative growth and rapid progression， the prognosis of SCC is quite poor. It is also resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently， it has been found that SCC has certain biological characteristics which differs it from other type adenocarcinoma. Those biological characteristics can be potential biomarkers and targets for therapy. In the current review， we summarize the clinicopathological and biological characteristics of SCC， which may aim at the therapy of it.

In the 1920s， German biochemist Warburg found that tumor cells used glycolysis for energy generation to maintain survival even under aerobic conditions， a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. However， a growing number of studies have found that not all kinds of tumor showed the Warburg effect， or not all of tumor cells used the Warburg effect for energy generation. There is the diversity of metabolism in tumor cells. Some cells used glycolysis for energy production， but other cells used oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. Two types of cells can mutually coordinate and coexist with each other through lactic acid shuttle system， which is named metabolic symbiosis. This review will discuss the material basis of metabolic symbiosis and symbiosis phenomenon among cells in tumor. This review will also discuss the effect by metabolic symbiosis on characteristics of tumor cells and the clinical significance of metabolic symbiosis. A fully understanding of metabolic symbiosis in tumor cells is helpful for designing new and effective anti-cancer treatment strategies.

 Chemotherapy is an important therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment， however， chemoresistance is a major challenge. Recently， emerging evidences suggest that abnormal changes in the Notch signaling pathway are involved in the development and chemotherapy resistance of human malignancies. Notch signaling pathway is widely expressed in a variety of tumor cells， and it promotes tumor stem cell （CSC） phenotype， epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）， and interaction with other signaling pathways， resulting in tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic drug. Therefore， this article will provide a brief overview of what is currently known about Notch signaling and its related regulatory mechanism. Moreover， down-regulation of Notch pathway could enhance drug sensitivity， which may provide a novel approach for the treatment of cancer.

Tumor dormancy is a stage of tumor development. In this stage， patients don't exhibit significant clinical symptoms. Tumor dormant cells may arise in early stage of tumor development， micrometastases period and minimal residual. The tumor dormant cells can switch between the quiescent stage and proliferative stage， which is considered the cause of tumor metastasis and recurrence. However， the mechanism of this switch is still largely unknown. The elements involved in the switch regulation include unique expression patterns， immune response， and a variety of factors and signaling pathways in the microenvironment. Further study of tumor dormant cells may provide a therapeutic strategy for tumor metastasis and tumor recurrence， which is of great significance to clinical activity and research.

Objective To investigate the prognosis and related influencing factors for elderly advanced gastric cancer. Methods The data of 174 patients over 70 years with advanced gastric cancer who received chemotherapy from January 2010 and December 2012 was reviewed. Kaplan-Meier method was employed to analyze survival and Cox proportional hazard model was used for multifactor analysis. Results The response rate （RR） was 31.5％（51／162）and the disease control rate （DCR） was 73.5％（119／162）.The median overall survival （OS） was 11.4 months （95％ CI： 10.4-12.4） and the 1-， 2-year survival rates were 39.0％ and 17.0％. The RR and median OS of 2-drug therapy were better than those of monotherapy （35.8％ vs. 17.9％， P=0.037； 14.1months vs. 7.5 months，P=0.010）， but the difference of DCR had no significance （P＞0.05）. The median OS of patients receiving chemotherapy of 1-2， 3-4 and ＞5 cycles were 7.7， 13.1 and 21.5months （P＜0.001）. The median OS of receiving first-line therapy alone was shorter than those receiving second-line after disease progression （10.7 months vs. 16.7 months， P=0.006）. Cox regression model showed that ECOG score， number of metastatic lesions， CEA， CA19-9， lactate dehydrogenase， chemotherapy cycles and the second-line chemotherapy were the independent prognostic factors influencing prognosis. Conclusion Multiple cycles of chemotherapy and the application of second-line chemotherapy after disease progression may improve the prognosis of elderly patients bearing advanced gastric cancer.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1（HIF-1） is an oxygen-dependent transcriptional activator produced by cells and tissues under hypoxic conditions. Recent research indicates that HIF-1 is closely related with the generation and maintenance of cancer stem cells（CSCs）. Moreover， HIF-1 can regulate multiple signaling pathways related to CSCs， promote the invasion， metastasis， epithelial mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis of CSCs， enhance tumor resistance and reduce apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Since HIF-1 is closed related with the generation and development of CSCs， the strategies targeting HIF-1 may play an important role for inhibiting and killing CSCs.