ObjectiveTo explore the effects of aspirin on colitis， tumorigenesis and tumor cells apoptosis in a murine model of colitisassociated colorectal cancer （CAC）. MethodsBalb／c mice were randomized into three groups. Mice in model group and treatment group were given azoxymethane （AOM） and dextran sodium sulfate （DSS） for inducing CAC， and mice in treatment group were treated with aspirin（500μg／d）， while wild type Balb／c mice were considered as the control. Mice were sacrificed on day 80 of the experiment， and the large bowel tissue was collected and investigated by histopathology. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling （TUNEL） and the apoptotic index （AI） assay was used to detect the tumor cells apoptosis in colorectal cancer in different groups. Additionally， the levels of TNFα and MPO in CAC tissue were assessed by ELISA method. Results It was found that regardless of aspirin administration， all mice treated with AOM／DSS developed tumors （6.33±3.16 vs. 4.17±2.32， P＞0.05）， and tumor size was （5.38±2.28）mm vs. （3.18±2.07）mm（P＞0.05） between model group and treatment group. There was no statistically difference between groups plus or not plus aspirin in the intestinal inflammation in the murine model of CAC （inflammatory score： 2.38±0.92 vs. 2.5±0.93， P＞0.05）. Additionally， there were no differences in the levels of TNF-α （39.69±7.27 vs. 42.68±8.13 pg／mg， P＞0.05） and MPO （3.32±1.29 vs. 3.56±1.24 pg／mg， P＞0.05） between model group and treatment group. It was apparent that specimens from treatment group had comparatively greater mean AI than those from model group （1.7±0.38 vs. 0.95±0.21， P=0.01）， which was confirmed also by TUNEL staining. Conclusion Aspirin can promote tumor cells apoptosis in a murine model of CAC， but not relate to intestinal inflammation, which has a potential clinical value in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between singlenucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） of telomerase reverse transcriptase（TERT） rs2736098 and rs2736100 and the susceptibility to gastric cancer as well as the infection of Helicobacter pylori（Hp）. Methods This casecontrol study included 297 diagnosed gastric cancer patients and 306 nonchronic atrophic gastritis patients. Polymerase chain restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing were performed to analyze the genotype of rs2736098 and rs2736100 on TERT. Hp infection was detected by pathological diagnosis and 13Curea breath test. ResultsThe frequencies distribution of three genotypes of rs2736098 had no significant difference between gastric cancer and control group（P＞0.05）. The frequency of GG genotype of rs2736100 was higher in the gastric cancer group compared to the control group（27.0％ vs. 16.4％， P＜0.05）. The multivariates Logistic regression analysis showed that GG genotype carriers had an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with the TT carriers（OR=1.371， 95％CI：1.063-1.775， P=0.005）. In negativeHp infection patients， GG genotype carriers had higher risk of gastric cancer than TT genotype carriers（OR=1.421, 95%CI:0.988~2.042,P=0.046）. There was no assoliation between Hp infection and genetic variation. Conclusion The polymorphism of rs2736100 on TERT may play an important role in susceptibility to gastric cancer, but not relate to Hp.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of Sphingosine kinase-1（SphK1） in the occurrence and progression of gastric cancer， and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）. Methods Quantitative realtime reverse transcriptionPCR（qRTPCR） assay was used to determine the expression of SphK1mRNA in 31 cases human gastric cancer tissues and paracarcinoma tissues. Immunohistochemical method（SP） was used to detect the expression of SphK1 and VEGF protein. Results The expression of SphK1mRNA in gastric cancer and corresponding paracarcinoma tissues was 2.77±0.50 and 1.02±0.23（P＜0.05）. The high expression rate of SphK1 protein in the gastric cancer tissues was 71.0％（22／31）， higher than 38.7％（12／31） in the corresponding paracarcinoma tissues（P＜0.05）. The expression of SphK1 in gastric cancer tissues was correlated with the depth of infiltration， TNM clinical stage， lymph node metastasis and vessel invasion， but not with age， gender and differentiation. The high expression rate of VEGF protein in the gastric cancer tissues was 64.5％（20／31）. The expression of SphK1 protein were positively related with VEGF protein in gastric cancer（r=0.565， P＜0.05）. ConclusionSphK1 highly expresses in gastric cancer， and promote the occurrence and progression of gastric cancer in correlation with VEGF.

Objective To detect the expression of MACC-1 mRNA and protein in colon carcinoma and investigate the relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics. Methods The expressions of MACC-1 in 48 colon caner tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were detected by realtime quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（QT-PCR） and Western blotting. Results The expression level of MACC-1 mRNA and protein in colon cancer tissues was higher than those in adjacent normal tissues. The relative quantitative expression of MACC-1 mRNA in colon cancer tissues was （8.52 ± 2.39）×10-4， which significantly higher than （1.47 ±1.24）×10-5 of adjacent normal tissues（P＜0.05）. The expression of MACC-1 protein in colon cancer tissues was 7.73±0.03, which higher than 1.02±0.01 of adjacent normal tissues（P＜0.05）. The expression of MACC-1 mRNA and protein were also positively correlated with histologic types,infiltration depth and TNM stage （P＜0.05）.No correlation was found in age or sex （P＞0.05）. Conclusion MACC-1 may promote the growth and metastasis of colon cancer. It will be a prognostic markers for colon cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of combined determination of serum tumor maker Golgi protein 73（GP73）and alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）. Methods Serums of 30 HCC patients， 30 liver cirrhosis and 20 healthy controls were collected from Feb. 2011 to Jan. 2012. Serum GP73 and AFP levels were determined by ELISA method and ECLLA method respectively. Results Serum GP73 levels in the HCC，liver cirrhosis and healthy groups were （251.9±130.2）ng／ml，（74.7±40.6）ng／ml and（12.2±4.0）ng／ml respectively， and AFP were （141.6±158.3）ng／ml，（36.0±35.0）ng／ml and （2.2±1.5）ng／ml respectively. Serum GP73 and AFP levels in HCC group were higher than those of non-HCC groups（P＜0.05）. The sensitivity of GP73 in detection was 76.7％，specificity was 82.0％， Youden index was 58.7％ and total matching ratio was 80.0％. The sensitivity of AFP was 63.3％， specificity was 80.0％， Youden index was 43.3％ and total matching ratio was 68.8％. Combined detection of the two parameters could improve the sensitivity up to 86.7％ and Youden index to 64.7％ and total matching ratio to 81.3％，then maintain a high specificity of 78.0％. Conclusion GP73 and AFP are highly expressed in the serum of the patients with HCC. Combined determination of serum GP73 and AFP can improve HCC diagnostic performance.

Objective To evaluate the change of pulmonary function in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer（NSCLC） patients treated by different chemotherapy regimens before and after chemotherapy. Methods Fiftynine patients with advanced NSCLC were divided into gemcitabine plus platinum（GP） group（n=30） or taxolbased regimen（n=29）. Pulmonary function was tested on 59 cases of advanced NSCLC patients treated by different chemotherapy regimens before and after chemotherapy and 63 normal controls.
Results Compared with control group， RV and RV／TCL were higher in NSCLC group before treatment（P＞0.05）， and the other indexes of ventilation function and diffusing capacity were significantly lower in NSCLC group（P＜0.05）. After chemotherapy， there was no significant change of ventilation function in NSCLC group except the raise of FEV1／FVC％（P＜0.05）， and the patients with advanced NSCLC had a significant reduction in diffusing capacity postchemotherapy. In GP group the ventilation function indexes had no differences before or after chemotherapy except the increase of FEV1／FVC％（P＜0.05） after chemotherapy， and the diffusing capacity decreased after chemotherapy（P＜0.05）. In taxolbased group， V25％ of small airway function increased after chemotherapy（P＜0.05）， while other indexes of ventilation function had no differences， and the diffusing capacity decreased after chemotherapy（P＜0.05）. Conclusion The pulmonary function decreases in advanced NSCLC patients with significant reduction in diffusing capacity postchemtherapy due to the pulmonary toxicity of gemcitabine and taxol. The pulmonary function should be detected preand postchemotherapy of NSCLC patients.

Objective To observe the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of pemetrexed and carboplatin in the treatment of anthracycline and taxaneresistant advanced metastatic breast cancer（MBC） patients.
Methods Thirtyone patients with advanced MBC failed to previous chemotherapy with anthracycline and taxane were enrolled in the study from March 2010 to January 2012. The patients received pemetrexed（500mg／m2 iv， d1） and carboplatin（AUC=5 iv，d2） with 21 days as a cycle. Each patient received at least two cycles. Results Of the 31 patients， no patient got CR， 12 got PR， 10 cases had SD，9 cases had PD， response rate was 387％（12／31） and the disease control rate was 71.0％（22／31）. The improvement rate of KPS score was 67.7％（21／31）. The median time to progress was 6.0（3-14） months， the median overall survival was 8.3（4-18） months. The main toxic reactions were myelosuppression， digestive tract reaction， fatigue and rashes， mainly in grade 1-2.
Conclusion The combination of pemetrexed and carboplatin is effective for advanced MBC failed to anthracyclines and taxanes with tolerant toxicity， and worth further study.

Objective To observe the efficacy and adverse effects of simultaneous continuous infusion of fluorouracil（5-FU） and disodium folinate（Na-FA） combined with oxaliplatin comparing to mFOLFOX6 regimen in metastatic colorectal cancer， and to evaluate the feasibility of calcium folinate（Ca-FA） substituted by Na-FA. MethodsA total of 54 patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer for whom had no previous FOLFOX treatment， were received infusion of disodium folinate and fluorouracil simultaneously regimen（group Na-FA，n=30） and mFOLFOX6 regimen（group Ca-FA， n=24）. The regimens were taken as follow， group NaFA： oxaliplatin 85 mg／m2 iv d1， 5-FU 0.4 g／m2 bolus d1， and 5-FU 2.4g／m2 mixed with Na-FA 0.4g／m2 infusion 46 hours. Group Ca-FA： oxaliplatin 85mg／m2 iv d1， Ca-FA 0.4g／m2 iv d1， 5-FU 0.4g／m2 bolus d1， and 5-FU 2.4g／m2 infusion 46 hours. Fourteen days was a cycle for both 2 groups. The short term effects and safety of the two groups were evaluated according to the RECIST entity tumors evaluation criteria and anticancer drugs common toxicity grading criteria after 4 cycles. Results There were 3 CR， 13 PR and 10 SD in group Na-FA， and the response rate and disease control rate were 53.3％ and 86.7％； there were 1 CR， 11 PR and 9 SD in group Ca-FA， and the response rate and disease control rate were 50.0％ and 87.5％. There was no significant difference in the two groups. The common side effects were grade 12 gastric reactions， grade 1-2 myelosuppression and grade 12 hair loss. The incidence rates of side effects were no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion Continuous infusion of disodium folinate and 5-FU simultaneously for patients with colorectal cancer is safe， effective and convenient. As the result， calcium folinate can be substituted by disodium folinate in mFOLFOX regimen.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal injection bevacizumab combined with intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy in treatment of malignant ascites of ovarian cancer. To analyze the clinical significance of the concentration change of vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） in ascites in treatment of intraperitoneal injection bevacizumab. Methods Forty-six patients with malignant ascites of ovarian cancer were randomly divided into treatment group（n=25） and control group（n=21）. All patients were treated with TC chemotherapy（paclitaxel 135mg／m2，iv d1+carboplatin AUC=5， iv d1）， repeated every 3 weeks for 6 weeks， and with intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy combined with intraperitoneal cisplatin 40mg／m2，repeated every 2 weeks for 6 weeks. The treatment group were accepted intraperitoneal injection with bevacizumab（avastin） 300mg after each intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy for 6 weeks. The improvement of life quality， curative effect and adverse reaction were evaluated. The concentration of VEGF of ascites of two groups were assayed by ELISA method before and after treatment. Results After treatment， the concentration of VEGF in ascites of treatment group was（468.30±42.80）pg/ml, which was lower than that of treatment group before treatment（P＜0.05）, which was decreased significantly compared with that of control group（P＜0.05）. The total effective rate of the treatment group was 92.0％， which was higher than 61.9％ of the control group. There were significant differences in two groups（P＜0.05）. In the treatment group, the effective rate in VEGFpositive patients was 100.0%, and it was 50.0% in VEGFnegative patients（P＜0.05）. The improvement rate of quality of life（QOL） was 92.0％ in treatment group， while it was 57.1％ in control group， which had significant difference between two groups（P＜0.05）. All the patients were of good tolerance in whole therapy and no severe side effects occured. Conclusion The treatment of malignant ascites of ovarian cancer with intraperitoneal injection bevacizumab combined with intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy is effective and safety, especially to VEGFpositive patients with ovarian cancer ascites.

Objective To explore the methods and efficacy of surgical treatment in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Methods From December 1981 to December 2011， 105 cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcimoma were treated in our unit. The surgical excixion of wounds were repaired by local flap， myocutaneous flap and skin graft according to different location， size and depth. Zoning skin graft method was used for wounds on face and joint.
ResultsOf 101 operated cases，48 cases were repaired by skin grafting and 53 cases repaired by local flap or myocutaneous flap. 85 patients were followed up over 6 months and 52 patients over 5 years. The results showed that 8 patients died， 16 patients appeared in local recurrence or distant metastasis and other patients kept well without recurrence.
Conclusion Early detection and complete removal of focus might be an optimal therapeutic method for cutaneous squamous cell carcimoma. Wound repair with plastic and cosmetic measures can improve survival and life quality of the patients.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of transanal local excision of T2 rectal cancer after irinotecan chemotherapy combined shortterm radiotherapy.
MethodsThirtyseven patients with T2 rectal cancer who underwent irinotecan chemotherapy combined shortterm radiotherapy followed by transanal local excision from Jan. 2002 to Aug. 2008， were reviewed.
ResultsUnderwent preoperative treatment，complete responses and partial responses were achieved in 4（10.8％）and 27（73.0％）patients， respectively. Six patients were stable disease and no one occurred disease progress. The response rate was 83.8％ and disease control rate was 100.0％. Four patients underwent postoperative complications， 2 patients（5.4％） were anal stenosis, 1 patient（2.7％） were bleeding and 1 patient（2.7％） were rectovaginal fistula.A total of six patients（16.2％）postoperative recurrence and metastasis，3 patient were local recurrence， 2 patients were liver metastases，1 patient was local recurrence with liver metastasis. 3, 5year recurrence rates were 11.7％ and 14.1％，respectively. Three patients died of metastasis and recurrence. 3, 5-year overall survival were 94.6％ and 91.4％，respectively. ConclusionFor appropriate patients of T₂ rectal cancer，transanal local excision after irinotecan chemotherapy combined shortterm radiotherapy can be used as the clinical choice.

Objective To investigate the clinical feature， diagnosis， therapy and prognosis of 10 rare types cervical carcinoma. Methods From January 2005 to December 2011， clinical data about 10 patients with rare cervical carcinoma, including cervical villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma， signetring cell carcinoma， mucinous adenocarcinoma， clear cell adenocarcinoma， adenoid cystic carcinoma， malignant melanoma， verrucous carcinoma， carcinosarcoma， small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and atypical carcinoid were retrospectively analyzed， and a review was made of the literature to identify the clinical features and prognosis of these rare malignancies. Results Vaginal bleeding and erosion or florid lesions were observed in most of cases. Diagnosis was based on the pathology， and some of them had to combine with immunohistochemical staining. Operation was the major therapy， assisted by chemotherapy or／and radiotherapy when necessary. Till June 2012， 6 patients were alive， 3 died and 1 lost to follow-up. Conclusion Ten rare types of cervical cancer present similar clinical feature， but different malignant degree and prognosis. The treatment should be based on clinical feature and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma. Methods Twenty-eight patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma confirmed by histopathology were administrated with gemcitabine 1000mg／m²（day 1 and day 8） and docetaxel 75mg／m²（day 8） every 3 weeks. The overall response and toxicity were observed.
ResultsTotally， 28 patients were entered and all of these patients were evaluated. Partial response was observed in 1 patient， stable disease was observed in 8 patients and progressive disease was observed in 19 patients. Overall response rate was 3.6％（1／28） and the disease control rate was 32.1％（9／28）. Median time to progression and overall survival time were 6.0 weeks（6.24） and 11.0 months（3.26）， respectively. The main toxic reactions were myelosuppression, digestive tract reaction and fatigue. No serious adverse event was observed. Conclusion The gemcitabine combined with docetaxel tends to show modest treatment efficacy and is well tolerated in patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma.