Chinese Clinical Oncology

Progress of molecular targeted therapy for gastric cancer

YU Shan， LIU Tianshu

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 1.

Abstract ( 1255 )

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Although chemotherapy is the most common treatment of advanced gastric cancer， the efficacy is limited. Recently， remarkable progress in biology of gastric cancer has led to the identification of ‘driver gene’ and the development of new agents that target these genes and relevant pathways. To date， many targeting agents have been evaluated in international phase Ⅲ studies. We reviewed a representative set of recent studies and provided special consideration related to the available data from these studies.

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Effects on radiosensitivity of lobaplatin on human gastric cancer cell line BGC823

GUO Lin， CHENG Hongyan， SUN Xinchen， CAO Yuandong， GE Xiaolin

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 9.

Abstract ( 1099 )

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Objective To observe the effect of lobaplatin（LBP）on the radiosensitivity of human gastric cancer cell line BGC823 and the expression of apoptosis-associated protein. Methods MTT assay was employed to obtain the 50％ inhibition concentration（IC50）of LBP on BGC823 cells at 24h after treatment. 20％ of the IC50 dose was treated as sensitizing concentration. The clonogenic assay was used to analyze the cell viability of radiation group and LBP （sensitizer concentration）plus radiation group with X-ray of 0，2，4，6 and 8Gy. The cell survival curve plotted by a single-hit multi-target model was used to analyze the sensitization ratio of LBP. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related protein（Bcl-2，Bax and cleaved caspase-3）, cell cycle and apoptosis in control group，radiation group and LBP+radiation group after 24h treatment，respectively. Results The IC50 of LBP on BGC823 cells was 16.08μg／ml and the sensitizing concentration was 3.20μg／ml. The cell viability got decreased with increasing radiation dose in radiation group and LBP plus radiation group. The cell viabilities of LBP plus radiation group were lower than those of radiation group at the dose of 4，6 and 8Gy, and the sensitization ratio of LBP was 1.13. There were higher percentage in the G2／M phase，apoptosis rate and levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3，and lower percentage in the S phase and level of Bcl-2 in LBP plus radiation group versus the other two groups （P＜0.05）. Conclusion LBP can enhance the radiosensitivity of BGC823 cells，induce apoptosis and G2／M phase arrest.

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The expression of survivin in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and the effect of survivin antisense oligonucleotide on its proliferation and apoptosis

LI Chengjun， MIAO Yejia， LIU Xiaozhou， SHI Xin， ZHOU Guangxin， LU Meng， WU Sujia， ZHAO Jianning

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 14.

Abstract ( 1203 )

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Objective To investigate the expression of survivin in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and the effect of survivin antisense oligonucleotide（ASODN）on its proliferation and apoptosis. Methods The ASODN and sense oligonucleotide（SODN）targeting survivin were designed and constructed. The liposome／oligonucleotide complexes were prepared by adding oligonucleotide and then transferred into MG-63 cells. According to the protocol，the MG-63 cells were assigned into Lip group（empty liposome），Lip-SODN group（liposomemediated SODN）and Lip-ASODN group（liposome-mediated ASODN）. The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of survivin in MG-63 cells. Western blotting assay was employed to measure the protein levels of survivin at 48th hour after transfection of each group. The proliferation at 24th，48th and 72nd hour and apoptosis at 48th hour after transfection were measured by MTT and flow cytometry，respectively. Results The survivin was mainly expressed in the nucleus of MG-63 cells. The protein level of Lip-ASODN group was lower than that of Lip group and Lip-SODN group. The Lip-ASODN group's proliferation inhibition rate was superior to Lip group in a dose-dependent manner, while the difference between Lip-SODN group and Lip group was not significant（P＞0.05）. The apoptotic rate of Lip-ASODN group was（88.47±0.79）％，higher than（10.01±0.90）％ of Lip group and（4.12±0.25）％ of Lip-SODN group with significant difference（P＜0.05）.
Conclusion The ASODN targeting survivin can inhibit the proliferative capacity and promote the apoptosis of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells.

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The expression and clinical significance of MTDH and VEGF in epithelial ovarian carcinoma

ZHANG Yanyan，LI Hongyu， ZHANG Hui，YAO Junge，GUO Huanhuan

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 18.

Abstract ( 1089 )

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Objective To explore the expression of metadherin（MTDH） and vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） in epithelial ovarian carcinoma（EOC）tissues，and investigate their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of EOC. Methods The mRNA and protein levels of MTDH and VEGF in 42 samples of EOC tissues，20 samples of benign epithelial ovarian tomor tissues and 15 samples of normal epithelial ovarian tissues were detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between MTDH，VEGF and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Results The relative expressions of MTDH and VEGF mRNA were 0.672±0.115 and 0.714±0.129 in EOC tissues，higher than 0.324±0.041 and 0.251±0.039 in benign epithelial ovarian tumor tissues, and 0.317±0.035 and 0.243±0.031 in normal epithelial ovarian tissues（P＜0.01）. The positive rate of MTDH and VEGF protein were 69.0％ and 80.9％ in EOC tissues，significantly higher than 20.0％ and 35.0％ in benign epithelial ovarian tumor tissues, and 13.3％ and 20.0％ in normal epithelial ovarian tissues（P＜0.05）. The mRNA levels and positive rates of MTDH and VEGF proteins had correlation with FIGO stages and lymph node metastasis（P＜0.05），but not associated with histological grade and pathological types（P＞0.05）. The expression of MTDH had positive correlation with VEGF expression in EOC tissues（r=0.420，P＜0.01）. Conclusion Over-expression of MTDH and VEGF plays an important role the occurence and progression of EOC.

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Trial of the correlation between cytochrome oxidase CYP3A4 with the susceptibility of paclitaxel-based regimen for advanced gastric cancer

YANG Jianwei，CHEN Zeng，SU Ying，GAO Wei，LIN Jinyuan，JIA Jing，LIN Huamei，MENG Yan

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 23.

Abstract ( 1135 )

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bjective To inveatigate the relationship between susceptibility of paclitaxelbased regimen and gene polymorphisms of cytochrome oxidase CYP3A4 for advanced gastric cancer. Methods Peripheral venous blood samples of 53 advanced gastric cancer patients were enrolled to test the mutation of CYP3A4 gene by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography（DHPLC）and DNA sequencing. The relation between the efficacy of paclitaxel-based regimen and CYP3A4 gene polymorphisms was further analyzed. Results DHPLC indicated that among the 53 patients，21 cases showed bimodal type（mutation）and 32 cases were of unimodal type（wild-type）. Sequencing results showed that the deletion mutation was found at the 27th basic group of C in exon 10 of CYP3A4 gene. The response rate（RR） and disease control rate（DCR）of wildtype group were 40.6％ and 84.4％，while in mutation group they were 33.3％ and 85.7％，with no significance between the two groups（P＞0.05）. The median progressionfree survival（PFS）was 6.5 months（95％CI：3.576-9.424 months），and the median overall survival（OS）was 11.0 months（95％CI：6.955-15.045 months）of the 53 patients. The median PFS and OS in wild-type group had no differences compared with those in mutation group（7.0 months vs.7.0 months，P＞0.05；10.0 months vs.14.0 months，P＞0.05）. Between wild-type and mutation groups，the median PFS of patients applied with oxaliplatin containing regimen and the median OS in patients applied with／without oxaliplatin had no significant differences（P＞0.05），while the median PFS in patients received non-oxaliplatin regimen had statistical differences（P=0.024）. The median PFS and OS in patients reveiving 3-drug or 2-drug regimen had no correlation with CYP3A4 gene polymorphisms. The adverse effect in the two groups were mild，mainly in grade 1-2. The common adverse effects were anorexia，nausea／vomiting and leukopenia. Conclusion Deletion mutation was located in the 27th basic group of C in exon 10 of CYP3A4 gene. Paclitaxel-based regimen has a trend to prolong the OS of advanced gastric cancer with mutation type.

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Expression and clinical significance of Axl and its ligand in breast cancer

ZHANG Mingshuai，ZHU Liping，OU Jianghua，TULUHONG Shabier，NI Duo，ZHANG Guoqing

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 29.

Abstract ( 1231 )

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Objective To detect the expression of Axl and its ligand Gas6 protein in malignant breast tissues and the correlation of its expression with clinical features. Methods Fresh samples of breast cancer and paracancerous tissues of 55 women patients and the fresh tissues of 20 benign controls were collected. The expression of Axl and Gas6 was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemical PV-9000 method. The expression levels between the benign and malignant tissues，and correlation of Axl and Gas6 with axillary lymph node metastasis were analyzed. Results The relative quantity and positive rate of Axl in malignant tissues were higher than paracancerous tissues and benign controls（0.272±0.052，0.134±0.008 and 0.116±0.007，60.0％, 36.4％ and 40.0％）with statistical significance（P＜0.05）. Similarly，the relative quantity and positive rate of Gas6 in malignant tissues were higher than paracancerous tissues and benign controls（1.147± 0.078，0.49 ±0.078 and 0.474±0.078，58.1％, 21.8％ and 20.0％） with statistical significance（P＜0.05）. Between paracancerous tissues and benign controls，the difference had no statistical significance（P＞0.05）. The expression level of Axl and Gas6 protein in lymph node metastasis group was higher than those without metastasis（0.408±0.007 vs.0.298±0.041，1.277±0.195 vs.0.880 ±0.037；80.0％ vs.48.0％，76.7％ vs.40.0％）with statistical significance（P＜0.05）. The expression of Axl was positively correlated to Gas6（r=0.612，P=0.041）. Conclusion Axl and Gas6 play an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer，and they promote axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.

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Expression and significance of EphB1 protein in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma

WEN Juanjuan， WANG Jiandong， WANG Haiyan， WANG Caixia， PENG Libo， ZHOU Xiaojun

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 34.

Abstract ( 1103 )

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Objective To explore the protein expression levels of EphB1 in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma and analyze its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Methods The protein expression levels of EphB1 in 74 ovarian serous adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The results were divided into low-level expression group（＜6）and high-level expression group（≥6）according to the immunohistochemical staining counting method. The relationship between expression of EphB1 and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis was investigated. Results Out of 74 tissue samples of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma，67 cases were of positive expression（90.5％）and 7 cases were of negative expression（9.5％）, while low-level expression was in 32 cases（43.2％）and high-level expression in 42 cases（568％）. There were significant correlation between the expression of EphB1 and WHO grading，tumor diameter，metastasis, MDACC grade and Ki-67 index（P＜0.05）. No significant correlation existed between the expression of EphB1 and age，location，clinical stage and recurrence（P＞0.05）.There were no significant differences on 3-and 5-year survival rates between low-level expression group（both 68.3%）and high-level expression group（71.2% and 65.5%），but a downward trend was observed in low-level expression group compared with high-level expression group followed up over 6 years. Conclusion The EphB1 is positively expressed in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma tissue, mainly in high-level expression pattern. The protein expression of EphB1 is correlated with development and degree of differentiation in ovarian cancer，suggesting a role as a new indicator of prognosis in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma.

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Predictive role of serum MMP-9 levels for efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer

WANG Xiaohua， DENG Rong， CHEN Cheng， XU Hongxia， MEI Jingfeng

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 38.

Abstract ( 1106 )

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Objective To investigate the significance of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9（MMP-9） in predicting efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy（NCT） for locally advanced breast cancer. Methods Eighty breast cancer patients of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ from July 2012 to June 2013 were enrolled in this study. Sixty-four patients with positive expression of ER and PR received EC-T regimen（epirubicin 90mg/m2 iv d1, cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 iv d1,21 days was a cycle for 4 cycles; and then docetaxel 80mg/m2 iv d1, 21 days was a cycle for 4 cycles）, and 16 patients with negative expression of ER and PR were applied with TEC regimen（docetaxel 75mg/m2 iv d1, epirubicin 7585mg/m2 iv d1, cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 iv d1,21 days was a cycle for 4 cycles）. The relationship between clinical efficacy of NCT，clinicopathological features and serum MMP-9 levels was analyzed. Results Eighty patients received NCT of 290 cycles. The response rate（RR） was 78.8％（63／80）with 4 cases of CR and 59 cases of PR. The RR of serum MMP-9 positive（＞900U／L）and MMP-9 negative（≤900U／L） in patients with breast cancer before NCT were 85.2％（46／54） and 654％（17／26）with significant difference（P＜0.05）. The serum MMP-9 level was related to stages before NCT, the expression of HER2, ER and PR condition, and pathological reactivity（P＜0.05）. The serum MMP-9 levels after 2 cycles of NCT in patients with effective results, stage Ⅲ（before NCT）, HER-2+, ER+, PR-/+, different pathological reactivity and menopause condition were significantly lower than those before NCT（P＜0.05）. Conclusion The serum MMP-9 level is of predictive value towards NCT for breast cancer，facilitating the development of effective treatment programs.

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Expressions of Notch1 and Notch3 in hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinical significance

PAN Zhenkui， LIANG Yibo， RAN Wenwen， LIU Zimin， LIANG Jun

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 42.

Abstract ( 1115 )

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Objective To investigate the expressions of Notch1 and Notch3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）and analyze their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods Paraffinembedded specimens of tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent nontumor tissues from 42 patients with HCC were collected from December 2012 to May 2013. The expressions of Notch1 and Notch3 in the above tissues were measured by immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between the expressions of Notch1, Notch3 in tumor tissues and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. Results The overall positive expression rates of Notch1 and Notch3 were 57.1％ and 16.7％，with 38.1％ and 11.9％，23.8％ and 4.8％，and 2.4％ and 0 in nucleus，cytoplasm and cell membrane，respectively. Only the positive expression rate of Notch1 in the nucleus of tumor tissues was higher than that of adjacent non-tumor tissues（16.7%）with significant differences（P＜0.05）. The positive expression of Notch1 was associated with pathological differentiation（P＜0.05）. No relation was observed between Notch3 positive expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusion Notch1 and Notch3 are expressed in HCC with different intensity and extensity, and mainly express in cytoplasm and nucleus. Notch1 may be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC.

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Expression and significance of microRNA-32 in multiple myeloma

WANG Xiaoyan， SUN Li， XING Xiuhua， ZHANG Tenglong

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 46.

Abstract ( 1088 )

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【Abstract】Objective To explore the expression of microRNA-32（miR-32）in multiple myeloma（MM）, and the relationship of its expression with clinical features. Methods The expression levels of miR-32 in bone marrow mono-nuclear cells of MM patients and 20 normal controls were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association of miR-32 in MM with β2-microglobulin（β2-MG）and Durie-Salmon（D-S）staging was further studied. Results The expression of miR-32 in MM patients（5.29±0.31）was obviously higher than that in normal control（the relative value was set as 1）with statistical differences（P＜0.05）. The expression of miR-32 in relapsed／refractory MM patients was obviously higher than that in newly diagnosed patients（6.86±0.24 vs.4.15±0.29） with statistical significance（P＜0.05）. The expression of miR32 in MM patients after chemotherapy was lower than that before treatment（5.29±0.31 vs. 3.43±0.45），especially in effective group（4.57±0.41 vs.1.92±0.15），showing significant differences（P＜0.05）. There was no statistical differences in ineffective／progress group before and after chemotherapy（P＞0.05）.The expression of miR-32 was associated with D-S staging and β2-MG of MM. Conclusion Expression of miR-32 in MM plays an important role in the development and progression of MM, and is possible to become a predictor of disease progression and efficacy in MM.

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Expression and significance of CLIC1 protein in endometrioid adenocarcinoma

ZHANG Bin， LI Chang， JIA Xuefeng， LUI Ning，HUANG Qingyu

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 49.

Abstract ( 1098 )

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Objective To investigating the expression of chloride intracellular channel 1（CLIC1）in endometrioid adenocarcinoma tissue， and analyze the relationship of its expression with clinicopathologic features. Methods The expression of CLIC1 among 100 cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma and 50 cases of normal endometrioid tissues were tested by SP method，and the correalation of the expression of CLIC1 in endometrioid adenocarcinoma with clinicopathologic features was further studied. Results The positive rate of CLIC1 was 63.0％ in endometrioid adenocarcinoma，higher than 22.0％ of normal endometrioid tissue（P＜0.05）. The expression of CLIC1 was related with pathological staging and lymph node metastasis（P＜0.05），but not with age，menopause，histological grade and depth of invasion（P＞0.05）.
Conclusion The higher expression of CLIC1 may accelerate the occurrence and development of endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

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Radiation pneumonitis in patients with lung cancer and esophageal cancer treated by helical tomotherapy

YAO Bo， WANG Yadi， LIU Qingzhi， LU Na， CHEN Diandian

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 52.

Abstract ( 1088 )

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bjective To investigate the incidence of radiation pneumonitis（RP）in patients with lung cancer and esophageal cancer irradiated with helical tomotherapy（HT） and the occurrence of RP with dose volume histogram（DVH）and clinicopathologic features. Methods Nineteen lung cancer and 14 esophageal cancer patients treated by HT were analyzed retrospectively. Thirteen of the 33 patients received HT alone and 20 patients were treated in combination with chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was delivered to total dose of 54-61.8Gy／27-28f，54-66Gy／25-31f and 60-66Gy／28-30f for small cell lung cancer，non-small cell lung cancer and esophageal cancer. Results RP grade of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 occurred in 8（24.2％），15（45.4％），1（3.0％），5（15.2％） and 4（12.1％）cases in all the patients，respectively. DVH parameters analysis showed that≥grade 2 RP was associated with V30-V45，but not with V5-V25，mean lung dose（MLD）and planning target volume（PTV）. Meanwhile，≥grade 2 RP was related to ECOG score，but not with lung cancer/esophageal cancer, gender, age，smoking，chemotherapy and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Conclusion The incidence of RP is not high in patients with lung cancer and esophageal cancer treated by HT. Patients with poor ECOG score and late stage should have even strict limitation of DVH.

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Analysis of BRAF gene mutation status in 169 Chinese colorectal cancer patients

PENG Nanqiu， ZHAO Xintai

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 57.

Abstract ( 1078 )

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Objective To analyze the mutation status of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1（BRAF） gene in Chinese colorectal cancer（CRC）patients，and to promote antiepidemal growth factor receptor（EGFR）therapy. Methods The mutation of BRAF gene in 169 CRC tissues were detected by PCR direct sequencing. Results The mutation was found at the 600th codon（V600E）of BRAF gene, and the mutation frequency was 5.3％ in 169 CRC tissues. Moreover，the mutation frequency of BRAF gene was 7.1％ in 84 male and 3.5％ in 85 female CRC without statistical significance（P=0.329）. No mutation was found in 17 CRC youth patients（25-44 years old），the mutation frequency was 3.0％ in 67 CRC middle age patients（45-59 years old），and 8.2％ in 85 CRC elder patients（60-90 years old）without statistical significance（P=0.211）. Conclusion The mutation frequency of BRAF gene in CRC patients is not related to gender and age.

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Analysis of BRAF gene mutation status in 169 Chinese colorectal cancer patients

PENG Nanqiu， ZHAO Xintai

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 57.

Abstract ( 1013 )

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Objective To analyze the mutation status of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1（BRAF） gene in Chinese colorectal cancer（CRC）patients，and to promote antiepidemal growth factor receptor（EGFR）therapy. Methods The mutation of BRAF gene in 169 CRC tissues were detected by PCR direct sequencing. Results The mutation was found at the 600th codon（V600E）of BRAF gene, and the mutation frequency was 5.3％ in 169 CRC tissues. Moreover，the mutation frequency of BRAF gene was 7.1％ in 84 male and 3.5％ in 85 female CRC without statistical significance（P=0.329）. No mutation was found in 17 CRC youth patients（25-44 years old），the mutation frequency was 3.0％ in 67 CRC middle age patients（45-59 years old），and 8.2％ in 85 CRC elder patients（60-90 years old）without statistical significance（P=0.211）. Conclusion The mutation frequency of BRAF gene in CRC patients is not related to gender and age.

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Clinical observation of icotinib hydrochloride in the treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer

HE Xuxun，YAN Wenyue，CHEN Yan

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 61.

Abstract ( 1210 )

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Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effect of icotinib hydrochloride in treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer（NSCLC）. Methods Fifteen patients with advanced NSCLC were treated with icotinib hydrochloride（125mg，tid，4 weeks／cycle）. The efficacy was evaluated by RECIST 1.1 every two cycles. The patients achieving CR，PR or SD continued the treatment with assessment once every two cycles until progression or intolerance. The improvement rates of symptoms and PS score，occurrence of side effects and drug resistance were investigated. Results One patient out of the total 15 patients died and 14 patients were evaluable for efficacy. One CR，5 PR，5 SD and 3 PD were observed after the first cycle with the response rate of 42.9％ and disease control rates of 78.6％.The symptom remission rate was 87.5％ with symptom remission time ranging from 3 hours to 14 days. The improvement rate of PS score was 45.4％. Rapid drug resistance occured in 4 patients（36.4%）. The main side effect observed was grade 1 leukopenia in 2 patients. Conclusion Icotinib hydrochloride in the treatment of advanced NSCLC may have good efficacy and less toxicity. However，a few patients got resistance in a short time，which is worth of discussion.

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Clinical observation of spontaneous pneumothorax in 14 patients with lung metastasis of osteosarcoma

YU Wenxi，SHEN Zan，YAO Yang

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 65.

Abstract ( 1078 )

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Objective To investigate the survival and prognosis related factors of osteosarcoma patients with lung metastasis suffering spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods The data of 14 metastatic osteosarcoma patients with spontaneous pneumothorax and 40 osteosarcoma patients without spontaneous pneumothorax were reviewed. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox regression model was utilized to analyze risk factors affecting the prognosis of metastatic osteosarcoma. Results Fifty-four metastatic osteosarcoma patients were all followed up. The median progression free survival（PFS）and median overall survival（OS）were 2 months and 11 months，respectively，and the 2-year survival rate was 14.3％.In 40 patients without spontaneous pneumothorax，those data were 2 months，16 months and 35.0％. The difference of OS between patients with／without spontaneous pneumothorax was significant（P＜0.05）. Cox regression model revealed that number of lung metastatic lesions and spontaneous pneumothorax were indepengdent factors affecting OS（HR=0.34，95％CI：0.15-0.79，P=0.01；HR=0.8，95％CI：0.16-0.87，P=0.02）. No correlation was found between the incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax, PFS and chemotherapy. Conclusion In osteosarcoma patients with lung metastasis，spontaneous pneumothorax is associated with poor prognosis compared with those without this complication.

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Clinical study of brain metastasis from digestive system neoplasms

PENG Qiuping， FENG Qingqing， KE Chuanqing

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 69.

Abstract ( 1061 )

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Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment in patients with brain metastasis from digestive system neoplasms. Methods Nineteen digestive system neoplasms patients with brain metastasis from Jan 1996 to Jan 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and image characteristics， treatment and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. Meanwhile the related literatures were reviewed. Results There were various nervous system symptoms in 17 patients. Enhanced MRI or CT scan showed that there were moderate or significant changes in brain metastasis density and significant edema in tumor peripheral and cystic change in some brain metastasis. The combined therapy of stereotactic radiotherapy，surgery，whole brain radiotherapy， stereotactic aspiration and chemotherapy were applied in these patients. These brain metastasis lesions were controlled at different degrees in all the patients, and nervous system symptoms got improved in 14 patients. The median overall survival of 19 patients was 13.6 months and the 1-year survival rate was 57.9％. Conclusion Clinical manifestations of digestive system neoplasms with brain metastasis were complicated. Local therapy based treatment can be applied.

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Progression of relationship between obesity and breast cancer

SHEN Yuanyuan，PAN Yueyin

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 72.

Abstract ( 1148 )

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Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women and is the most common cancer among women. Large amounts of clinical studies and epidemiological data have confirmed that obesity is closely related to the development and progression of breast cancer，and its pathogenesis is associated with many kinds of obesity related factors，such as estrogen，insulin，insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1），adiponectin，leptin，inflammatory factor and etc. Recently，research on obesity and mechanism to promote the development of breast cancer has carried on thoroughly; and the important influence of obesity on breast cancer diagnosis，tumor characteristics，prognosis and treatment is further understood. Weight control，therefore，may be a positive measure to prevent recurrence and metastasis; maintain a normal body weight can contribute to the prophylaxis of breast cancer.

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Progress of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer

XUAN Qijia， ZHANG Qingyuan

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 78.

Abstract ( 1164 )

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The development of breast cancer depends on the essential contributions from tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages（TAMs）are a kind of the most important inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment. Most of them can facilitate angiogenesis， invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. TAMs may dull the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The pan-macrophage marker CD68 is now generally utilized to identify TAMs in diagnostic biopsy samples，and some other TAMsrelated biomarkers are also utilized in prognosis prediction，including CD163，vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF），hypoxia-inducible factors（HIFs），proliferating cellular nuclear antigen（PCNA）and etc. Clinical evidences indicate the association between high TAMs infiltration and poor prognosis of breast cancer. In this review，we summarized the recent progress in understanding the relationship between TAMs and breast cancer. TAMs may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. Anti-TAMs therapy is a new way to improve the prognosis of breast cancer.

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Advance in the radiosensitization effect of recombinant human endostatin

YANG Mingwei， YANG Lin

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 82.

Abstract ( 1079 )

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With the theory of anti-angiogenesis therapy for malignant tumors， recombinant human endostatin（Endostar）as a promising novel medicine to treat malignant tumors，represents synergistic antitumor effects in combination with conventional radiotherapy. Its radiosensitization effect has been demonstrated by a variety of laboratory and clinical experiments，and the underlying mechanisms may include normalizing tumor vasculature，alleviating inner hypoxia，inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration，inducing endothelial cell apoptosis，cell cycle changes，and angiogenic factors regulation. Endostar in combination with radiotherapy may become a new and effective treatment strategy of anti-cancer.

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The progression of integrin α5β1 in tumor carcinogenesis and progression

XU Lvyun， ZHU Congjian，CHEN Hong

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 86.

Abstract ( 1065 )

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Integrin is one of the most important adhesion molecules in cell surface and it plays an essential role in adhesion，proliferation，differentiation， metastasis and apoptosis in different tumors. Integrin α5β1 is one of the key members in integrin family，which acts as a major receptor of fibronectin in extracellular matrix. Integrin α5β1 may serve as a new index for diagnosis and prognosis of several tumors and it may be a future target for cancer therapy. This review is aimed to explore the role of integrin α5β1 in carcinogenesis and progression of different tumors and the possible involved mechanisms.

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MicroRNAs in therapy for gastric cancer

QIU Ping， QIU Feng

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2014, 19 (1): 90.

Abstract ( 1074 )

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MicroRNAs （miRNAs）are a class of small non-coding RNA that regulate their target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Functional study of miRNAs have shown that miRNAs have significant effect on chemotherapy resistance，radiotherapy sensibilization，angiogenesis，gene methylation， diagnosis and prognosis in gastric cancer. MiRNAs may shed new lights on the therapy for gastric cancer. This review will elaborate fundamental research of miRNAs in the chemoradiotherapy，diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.

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标准刊号：	ISSN 1009-0460
	CN 32-1577/R