Objective To construct the new targeting delivery system TAT-OSBP-EGFP of human ovarian cancer cell line HO8910，and perform targeted delivery of its properties and in vitro activity identification. Methods The expression vectors of TAT-OSBP-EGFP，TAT-OSBP and OSBP-EGFP via pGEX-6P-3 plasmid were constructed and transfected into E. coli BL21（DE3）. The above vectors were expressed with IPTG induction，purified with GST SefinoseTM Resin colum and subsequently identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell penetrating efficiency of HO8910 cells which was processed by TAT-OSBP， OSBP-EGFP and TAT-OSBP-EGFP in different concentrations（0，1，5，10μmol/L）. The targeted delivery characteristic of the three fusion proteins for HO8910 cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy in comparison with human colon cancer LoVo cells. The CCK-8 kit was employed to detect the activity of HO8910 cells treated with 0， 1， 5， 10， 15， 40， 60， 80，100μmol/L TAT-OSBP-EGFP for 2h. Results The TAT-OSBP-EGEP expression vector was successfully constructed and a soluble fusion protein was smoothly obtained. Compared with TAT-OSBP，significantly increase was observed in the cell-penetrating rate under 1 and 5μmol/L but not 10μmol/L TAT-OSBP-EGFP to HO8910 cells. The fluorescence intensity（FI） treated by TAT-OSBP-EGFP was higher in HO8910 cells versus LoVo cells. No significant difference was observed on FI between HO8910 cells and LoVo cells treated with TAT-OSBP， while no FI was found in cells treated with OSBP-EGFP. TAT-OSBP-EGEP of different concentrations showed no effect on cell activity（P＞0.05）. Conclusion The carrier system with good human ovarian cell line HO8910 targeting delivery performance is successfully constructed， providing a good foundation of the next tumor-targeting drug delivery vector and tumor targeting killing system.

Objective To explore the analgesia effects of quinpirole（QNP） via intrathecal injection and its influence on spinal microglia activation in rats with bone cancer pain. Methods Sixty adult male SD rats were used to establish bone cancer pain model by intra-tibia inoculation of Walker256 mammary gland carcinoma cells. The rats with bone cancer pain were randomly divided into 3 groups： high-dose QNP （QNP-H） group， low-dose QNP （QNP-L） group and normal saline （NS） group, with 20 rats in each group. QNP-H group and QNP-L group received intrathecal injection of 10μl QNP at the dose of 10 and 5μg/kg，respectively. Another 20 male SD rats were chosen as control （C） group and received the same volume of saline as NS group. Pain behaviors were assessed before treatment and 1，3，5 and 7d during treatment to analyze the paw mechanical withdrawal threshold （MWT） and paw withdrawal thermal latency （WTL）. The immunohistochemistry was employed to evaluate the spinal microglia number ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 and activation by the integral optical density （IOD） of C3 complement receptor （OX-42） and cannabinoid receptor 2 （CB2）. The spinal levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover， the protein levels of spinal Toll like receptor4 （TLR-4） and its receptor2 （TLR-2） were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with C group，there were lower MWT and WTL, but higher spinal microglia number, IOD of OX-42 and CB2, TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR-2 and TLR-4 in NS, QNP-L and QNP-H groups with significant difference （P＜0.05）. Intrathecal injection of QNP improved the above abnormalities of rats with bone cancer pain compared with NS group （P＜0.05）. The effect of QNP-H group was stronger than that of QNP-L group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Intrathecal injection of QNP exhibits a good analgesic effect on bone cancer pain and inhibits spinal microglia activation and inflammatory reaction.

Objective To explore the influence of bevacizumab（Avastin） on the growth and angiogenesis of RFP tagged osteosarcoma orthotopic nude mice model of human osteosarcoma.
Methods Twenty one nude mice inoculated with human osteosarcoma cell line 143-B-RFP were randomly divided into three groups： control group， low dose Avastin group （Avastin-L） and high dose Avastin group （Avastin-H）. Avastin-L group and Avastin-H group received continuous 0.2ml injection of 2.0mg/kg or 5.0mg/kg Avastin twice a week for 3 weeks，while control group was given an equal volume of saline. The body weight was recorded every 3 days. The in situ tumor size was measured to calculate the volume and the tumor inhibition rate every 7 days by fluorescence imaging system. Immunohistochemical En Vision method was used to detect the expression of CD34 in tumor tissue to evaluate the microvessel density（MVD）. The vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） levels of plasma and tumor tissue were measured by ELISA method. Results No significant difference was observed on body weight and lung metastasis rate among 3 groups （P＞0.05）. Compared with control group， there were higher tumor inhibition rate， and lower tumor volume，MVD and VEGF levels of plasma and tumor tissue in both Avastin-L group and Avastin-H group （P＜0.05）.The improvement effect of the above indexes were stronger in Avastin-H group versus Avastin-L group （P＜0.05）. Conclusion Avastin can inhibit the growth and angiogenesis of human osteosarcoma，and reduce the VEGF level without influences on lung metastasis.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of miRNA-148b （miR-148b） in lung adenocarcinoma （LAC） tissues and cell lines. Methods Realtime PCR was performed to detect the expression of miR-148b between 13 cases of LAC tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues. The expression of miR-148b was also detected in normal lung epithelial HBE cell line， and LAC cell lines H1437， H1975， A549 and PC14/B. The cell line with lowest expression was respectively transfected with miR-148b mimics and miR-148b control. Then，the effect of miR-148b on proliferation，colony formation and invasion ability were analyzed by MTT，low-density cell colony formation and transwell experiments. Results The average relative expression of miR-148b in LAC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were 0.61±0.42 and 0.91±0.32 （P＜0.05）. The expression levels of miR-148b in the H1437， H1975， A549， PC14/B cell lines were 0.42±0.08，0.38±0.02，0.29±0.03 and 0.21±0.04， lower than that in HBE cell line （the expression level was set as 1.00） with significance （P＜0.05）. PC14/B cell line was selected for the following experiments. MTT analysis showed that the absorbance value of miR-148b mimics group was much lower than that of miR-148b control group from the 3th day of the test （P＜0.05）. As for the low-density cell colony formation analysis，the relative colony formation number of PC14/B cells transfected with miR-148b mimics was 47±8，which was decreased significantly compared with miR-148b control group （set as 100） with significance （P＜0.05）. Transwell test showed that there was significant difference in the relative numbers of cells migrated through the basement membrane between miR-148b mimics group （82±22） and miR-148b control group （200±34） with significance （P＜0.05）.
Conclusion The expression of miR-148b is downregulated in both LAC tissue and cell lines. It can suppress the cell proliferation，colony formation and invasion ability of PC14/B cell in vitro.

Objective To investigate the radiosensitivity enhancement of ginsenoside Rg3 on esophageal carcinoma EC109 cells. MethodsThe survival rates of EC109 cells at 24，48 and 72h after treatment with different concentrations （10， 20， 50， 100， 200， 400， 600mmol/L） of Rg3 were determined by MTT in vitro. The cloning formation assay and multi-target singlehit model were employed to calculate the sensitization enhancement ratio （SER） after pretreatment of 10 mmol/L Rg3 following irradiation of 0， 1， 3， 6 and 9Gy. According to the experimental protocol， the following experiments were carried out in control group， irradiation group and Rg3+irradiation group. The apoptosis rate and DNA damage were evaluated by flow cytometry and Foci focus formation assay in the 3 groups after 48h irradiation of 8Gy X-ray. Results The Rg3 ranging from 10 to 600mmol/L could reduce the survival rates of EC109 cells in a doseand timedependent manner. The SER of 10mmol/L Rg3 for EC109 cells was 1.28. The apoptosis rate of Rg3+irradiation group was （62.33±4.60）%， higher than （6.46±1.23）% of control group and （30.68±3.55）% of irradiation group with significant difference（P＜0.05）. The number of Focipositive cells in Rg3+irradiation group was 64±12， higher than 6±3 of control group and 32±6 of irradiation group with significant difference （P＜0.05）. ConclusionRg3 can exert radiosensitizing effect on esophageal carcinoma EC109 cells，inhibite cell activity and induce cell apoptosis and DNA damage.

Objective To analyze the differential expression and clinical significance of mucin 4 （MUC4） in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias（PanINs）and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma （PDAC）. MethodsWe collected 85 cases of paraffin of pancreatic tissue specimens from Affiliated Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University from 2009-03-01 to 2011-12-31. Immunohistochemical SP method was used to examine the expression of MUC4 in 48 normal pancreatic duct （NP） tissues，17 PanINs tissues and 20 PDAC tissues. The correlation of MUC4 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of PDAC patients was analyzed. Results MUC4 was not expressed in NP；MUC4 expression gradually increased with the progression of pancreatic tissue. The positive expression rates of MUC4 in NP，PanIN-1， PanIN-2，PanIN-3 and PDAC were 0， 17.4%， 52.6%， 84.6% and 90.0%， respectively； The immunohistochemical scores of MUC4 expression in NP， PanIN-1， PanIN-2， PanIN-3 and PDAC groups were 0, 1.30±0.89, 2.58±1.76, 4.54±1.64 and 7.68±2.34, with statistic significance among groups （P＜0.001）. The expression level of MUC4 was associated with neural invasion （P=0.028）， lymph node metastasis （P=0.020） and CA19-9 level （P=0.028） in PDAC. The median overall survival（OS） of PDAC patients was 17.0 months（95%CI：14.809-19.191 months）；The median OS of MUC4 high expression group （immunohistochemical score≥8.8） and low expression group （immunohistochemical score ＜8.8） were 13.0 months （95%CI：7.456-18.544 months） and 20.0 months （95%CI：15.521-24.479 months）， with statistic significance （P=0.003）. Conclusion MUC4 perhaps participates in the PDAC occurrence and development. MUC4 expression may be an early event in the evolution of PDAC. MUC4 high expression probably affects both invasion and metastasis of PDAC，and probably predicts poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value and clinicopathological characteristics of tumor infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes in operable breast cancer. Methods Paraffin sections were retrospectively collected from 681 cases of operable breast cancer patients from January 2000 to December 2008 in Cancer Center of Sun Yat’sen Unversity. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarray were used to assess the density of tumor infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes. The number of CD8+ lymphocytes counted in tumor stroma，and the relationship with clinical outcome and clinicopathological characteristics was determined. Results The proportion of high infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes was 42.0%（286/681） in interstitial tissues of breast cancer. The infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes were related to age at diagnosis， menstruation， tumor size， lymph node metastasis， pathological stage, lymphovascular invasion， histological grade， hormone receptor status and HER-2 status（P＜0.05）. The 5year disease-free survival rate and 5-year overall survival rate in the whole patients were 79.2% and 87.6%， respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival rate of patients with high and low tumor infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes were 83.2% and 68.8%，the 5-year overall survival rate were 89.5% and 82.2%. The high tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes were associated with better survival（P＜0.05）. In multivariate analysis， the number of CD8+ lymphocytes was an independent prognostic factor influencing disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusion Infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes may become a prognositic predictor for operable breast cancer.

Objective To explore the expressions of Ski-novel protein （SnoN）， early growth response protein 3 （Egr3） and secreted frizzled related protein 1（SFRP1） in gastric cancer tissue，and further analyze their clinicopathological characteristics in gastric cancer. Methods Seventy-five cases of gastric cancer tissues and 62 cases of para-cancer tissues were collected. The immunohistochemical Elivision method was used to analyze the expressions of SnoN，Egr3 and SFRP1 from the above tissues. The clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients were collected and subsequently analyzed for their correlation with expressions of SnoN，Egr3 and SFRP1. Results The high-level expression rates of SnoN and SFRP1 were 45.3%（34/75） and 38.7%（29/75）， both lower than 62.9%（39/62） and 58.1%（36/62） in para-cancer tissues （P＜0.05）. While the high-level expression rate of Egr3 was 69.3%（52/75） in cancer tissues， higher than 38.7%（24/62） in para-cancer tissues （P＜0.05）. The expression of SnoN， Egr3 and SFRP1 were related with clinical stage and degree of differentiation. In addition，the SnoN expression was related with age，depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis，and SFRP1 expression was related with age， tumor size and depth of invasion. The expressions of both SnoN and SFRP1 were all negatively correlated with Egr3 in cancer tissues （r=-0.324，-0.244） with significant difference （P＜0.05）. The SnoN expression was positively correlated with SFRP1（r=0.487， P＜0.001）. Conclusion There are high expression of Egr3 but low expression of SnoN and SFRP1 in gastric cancer. All tested proteins are related with clinical stage and degree of differentiation， indicating an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety between the robotic-assisted transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy（RALPN） and retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy（RLPN） in treating early renal carcinoma. Methods Retrospective review of 70 renal carcinoma patients from May 2010 to October 2013 was conducted. Thirty-six patients were performed with RALPN（RALPN group）， and 34 patients underwent RLPN（RLPN group）. The operation time， renal artery clamping time， intraoperative blood transfusion， blood loss， postoperative hospital stay and post-operative complications between the two groups were observed and compared. Results Both the two groups were performed successfully，and 2 cases intraoperatively convered to open surgery in RLPN group. The operation time， renal artery clamping time， blood loss and postoperative hospital stay of RALPN and RLPN group were（90.5±12.6）min and（110.7±20.3）min，（15.2±5.8）min and（24.6±7.2）min，（50.2±9.5）ml and（130.2±22.4）ml， （6.1±1.7）d and （7.8±2.2）d. There were significant differences between the two groups （P＜0.05）. The intraoperative blood transfusion between RALPN group and RLPN group were 0 and 11.8%. In RALPN group, perirenal hematoma post-operation was found in one case, and in RLPN group, one case of urine leakage and 2 cases of secondary hemorrhage were found post-operation. All patients were of turmor-free survival. Conclusion RALPN is a quite effective，safe and minimally invasive surgical management for renal carcinoma with less post-operative complications.

Objective To analyze the set-up errors in the left-right（LR， X axis），superoinferior （SI，Y axis） and anteroposterior （AP， Z axis） directions and the rotations during radiotherapy of prostate cancer in the supine position. Methods Twenty-five prostate cancer patients who received radiotherapy from October 2011 to June 2013 were analyzed. All the patients were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy（IMRT） in the supine position after external immobilization using thermoplastic shell. Measurements for set-up errors and rotations in X， Y， Z directions were collected from daily image-guided radiotherapy（IGRT， bony match） pre-treatment. The set-up errors and rotations were analyzed. Results Each patient received 9 fractions of measurement with a total of 225 fractions. Mean set-up errors were（0.19±0.18）cm， （0.36±0.30）cm， and（0.21±0.16）cm in the X， Y and Z axes， respectively. The set-up errors of≥5 mm was 5.8%， 24.3%， and 8.0% of all measured fractions in the X， Y and Z axes， respectively. Mean rotations were （1.07±1.03）°， （0.82±0.66）°， and （0.79±0.68）°in the axis， vertical， and lateral directions， respectively. After comparing the first 5 and the following 4 set-up and rotation errors，there were no significant differences（P＞0.05）. ConclusionThe set-up errors is larger in the Y than in the X and Z axes during radiotherapy of prostate cancer in the supine position. The rotation errors are much smaller and can be omitted.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate as neoadjuvant treatment for rectal stromal tumors patients. Methods Forty cases of rectal stromal tumor patients were given imatinib mesylate tablets orally，400mg/d lasting for 6 months，and then the operation indication was assessed. According to the size and location of the tumor，patients were underwent local excision，rectal low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection combined with rectal cancer treatment. Results By RECIST 1.1 criterion，3 cases got CR， 31 cases had PR， 4 cases got SD and 2 cases were of PD. The response rate（RR）was 85.0%, and the disease control（DCR） rate was 95.0%. By Choi criterion，3 cases got CR，28 cases had PR，7 cases got SD and 2 cases were of PD. RR was 77.5%， and DCR was 95.0%. R0 resection was performed in 38 cases. The 1-year survival rate was 100.0%，and 2-year survival rate was 95.0%. The incidence rate of mild edema was the highest （72.5%）， followed by leukopenia （47.5%）， and the other adverse effects included fatigue， abdominal pain and gastrointestinal reaction，which were tolerable. Conclusion Preoperative use of imatinib mesilate in rectal stromal tumors can expand the indications of operation，as well as raise R0 resection rate with stable efficacy and safety， and this neoadjuvant treatment can be used as individual treatment of rectal stromal tumors.

Objective To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of dendritic cells/cytokine-induced killer cells （DC/CIK） as the maintenance therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods During January 2010 and January 2014， 120 advanced NSCLC patients in stable condition were enrolled after 4-6 cycles chemotherapy containing platinum. According to the treatment， patients were assigned into control group （n=65） and study group （n=55）. Only the study group received DC/CIK maintenance therapy. Both groups were followed up and the progression free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） were compared. Moreover， the adverse reaction was recorded. Results The median PFS and OS were 5.0 and 8.5 months in study group and 3.5 and 8.0 months in control group，respectively. The median PFS was higher in study group versus control group （P＜0.05）. No significant differences were observed on median OS between both groups. In addition，there were similar median PFS and OS between different chemotherapeutic efficacy of sub-group. The common adverse reaction included myelosuppression， fever， fatigue and joint pain. The differences of both groups were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. Conclusion DC/CIK as the maintenance therapy can prolong the progression of advanced NSCLC patients in stable condition with tolerable and low adverse reaction.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and side effects of sodium glycididazole（CMNa） combined with concurrent radiochemotherapy（CRT） for locally advanced esophageal cancer. Methods From June 2012 to November 2013， 87 patients pathologically confirmed as esophageal cancer were randomized into CMNa+CRT group（n=44） and CRT group（n=43）. Radiotherapy was given by 6 MV Xray on conventional schedule（20Gy/f， 5 fractions a week， DT 50Gy）. CMNa was given intravenously 800mg/m2， every Monday， Wednesday and Friday 03h before radiation. Chemotherapy regimen contained cisplatin 125mg/m2 iv d1d5， and fluorouracil 450mg/m2 iv d1d5 with 28 days of a cycle for 2 cycles. Results All patients were evaluable. Patients in CMNa+CRT group achieved 31 CR， 8 PR， 4 SD, 1 PD, and responce rate（RR） was 907%；While in CRT group，patients got 25 CR，7 PR， 9 SD, 2 PD, and RR was 744%. There were significant differences between RR of the two groups（P=0043）. Main side effects were grade 12 bone marrow inhibition， hepatic dyfunction, radioactive esophagitis and radioactive pneumonia， with no differences（P＞0.05）.The 1-year survival rates were 900% and 833% in CMNa+CRT group and CRT group with no differences（P＞0.05）.
Conclusion CMNa combined with CRT for locally advanced esophageal cancer can improve healing efficacy obviously and do not cause severe side effects.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of rh-endostatin （endostar） combined with docetaxel，platinates and fluoropyrimidines as first-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Methods Twenty-five patients with advanced gastric cancer were enrolled into this study from Jan. 2011 to Jun. 2013. Seventeen patients received docetaxel， oxalipatin and flourouracil （DOF） regimen： docetaxel 40mg/m2 iv， d1；oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 iv，d2；flourouracil 400mg/m2 iv， 600mg/m2 continuous iv 22h d2-d3, with 2 weeks as a cycle. Eight patients received docetaxel， cisplatin and capecitabine （DCX） regimen： docetaxel 40mg/m2 iv， d1；cisplatin 25mg/m2 iv， d2-d3；capetitabine 1000mg/m2 bid po， d1-d8, with 2 weeks as a cycle. Endostar was administered 15mg/d iv, d1-d10. The response rate was evaluated according to RECIST1.1 criteria，and the toxicities were evaluated according to NCI CTC 3.0 standard. Progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） were also observed. ResultsAmong the 24 evaluable cases， PR was observed in 10 patients， SD in 6 patients， and PD in 8 patients. The response rate was 41.7%， and the disease control rate was 66.7%. Digestive reaction and myelosuppression were the most common toxicities. Neutropenia（6 cases） was the most frequent grade 3-4 toxicity. One patient experienced cardiac toxicity. The median follow-up was 14.6 months, the median PFS was 8.0 months，and the median OS was 11.0 months. Conclusion Endostar combined with docetaxel，platinates and fluoropyrimidines is an effective and safe regimen as first-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. It is worthy of further large scale clinical trial.

Objective To compare the effect and adverse reaction of paclitaxel liposome and nedaplatin combined with radiotherapy versus fluorouracil and nedaplatin combined with radiotherapy in advanced cervical cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of 58 cases of advanced cervical cancer patients from May 2010 to May 2012 was made. Fifty-eight patients were divided into paclitaxel liposome and nedaplatin combined with radiotherapy group （A group, n=30），and the other 28 cases were treated by fluorouracil and nedaplatin combined with radiotherapy （B group, n=28）. The radiotherapy included pelvis three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy plus brachytherapy， and the total dose of A point was 70-85Gy， while the B point was 50Gy. Chemotherapy was applied at the first day of radiotherapy. Paclitaxel liposome and nedaplatin regimen was given as follows： paclitaxel liposome 135mg/m2 iv d1， nedaplatin 80mg/m2 iv d1. Fluorouracil and nedaplatin regimen was applied as follows：fluorouracil 500mg/m2 iv d1-d5，nedaplatin 80mg/m2 iv d1. For both regimens，21-28 days was a cycle with a total of 2 cycles. Results The treatment was completed in both groups. The effective rate of A group was 76.7% （CR 13，PR 10，SD 6，PD 1）， and it of B group was 57.1%（CR 9，PR 7，SD 7，PD 5） with statistical difference（P＜0.05）. The 1，2-year survival rates of A group were 100% and 92%，and the rates in B group were 88% and 75%，with statistical difference（P＜0.05）. The main adverse reactions in the two groups were myelosuppression and digestive tract reaction. The occurrence of adverse reactions in A group was lower than B group，and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Conclusion The curative effect of clinical application of paclitaxel liposome and nedaplatin combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced cervical cancer is satisfied with tolerable adverse reactions. It is worth of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy （SBRT）with body gammaknife in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） of postoperative recurrence. Methods A total of 92 HCC patients with postoperative recurrence were treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy with supergammaknife（type SGS-I）. The volume of tumors was 4.5-958.3cm3. The total radiation dose was 35.44Gy， 3.5-5.5Gy/f （50%-80% isodose line）， 7-12f， 5 days/week. The curative effect was analyzed by RECIST version 1.1. The levels of alpha fetoprotein （AFP） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） were measured before and after treatment. The patients were followed up for overall survival （OS） and 1， 3， 5year survival rates. The adverse reaction was evaluated by RTOG/EORTC criteria. Results A total of 92 patients could be evaluated， among whom 51 achieved CR， 36 PR and 5 SD with the response rate of 94.6%. The level of AFP after treatment was （157.93±93.67）μg/L， lower than （846.57±258.39）μg/L before treatment with statistical difference （P＜0.05）. The levels of ALT were （8773±2156） U/L and （5355±1933） U/L without significant difference（P＞0.05）. The medium OS was 160 months with the 1， 3， 5-year survival rates of 71.6%， 31.8% and 13.0%，respectively. The main adverse reactions during treatment were bone marrow suppression， gastrointestinal reactions, fatigue and radiation induced liver injury，mainly in grade 12, and all could be releaved by symptomatic treatment. Conclusion SBRT with super-gamma-knife exerts a definite effect on HCC patients with postoperative recurrence with mild side effect.

MicroRNAs（miRNAs） play an important regulating role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. And the finding of circulating miRNAs provides potential noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis， treatment and prognosis judgment of lung cancer. In this review， we summarized the research progress of circulating miRNAs as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis， prognosis and platinum-based chemotherapy sensitivity of lung cancer from the latest articles home and abroad.

Individualized radiotherapy is the ideal model of radiation therapy， based on tailoring the treatment in a large number of individual clinical， pathological and molecular genetic level. Two key problems exist in the implementation of individualized radiotherapy， one is how to identify and individually delineate the target volume of esophageal carcinoma， and the other is how to individually implement the precise exposure. Due to technological advances and the renovation of equipment in radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma， the individualized implementation of the precise exposure has become possible. In recent years， with the advent of functional imaging， molecular imaging and other new technologies， it points out the future research direction of individualized tumor target volume delineation. This article reviewed the definition of the target volume in the individual radiotherapy of nonsurgical esophageal carcinoma， which involves the application of new technologies such as anatomical imaging， functional imaging， hypoxia， molecular imaging to individually identify and delineat the tumor target volume， including gross tumor volume， clinical tumor volume， planning target volume， biological target volume and etc.

Chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting（CINV） is associated with a significant deterioration in quality of life. With the development of antiemetic drugs， the control rate of acute and delayed CINV has significantly improved，but the control rate of delayed CINV is still low. The effect of first generations of 5hydroxytryptamine3（5-HT3） receptor antagonists are not significantly superior to dexamethasone， metoclopramide or prochlorperazine alone in the control of delayed CINV. Recent studies have shown that palonosetron，the second generation of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists，and NK-1 receptor antagonists are better than the first generation of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in the prevention of delayed CINV. Combination with antipsychotics drugs such as olanzapine， prochlorperazine can effectively control delayed CINV.

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are recently discovered， small singlestrand RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression， and the abnormal expression or mutation in miRNAs are considered to be associated with the initiation and progression of a variety of tumors. It has been identified that miRNAs play a crucial role in triple negative breast cancer， providing a novel possible therapeutic application. In this review， we will provide an overview of the application of miRNAs in triple negative breast cancer.

Recently， the incidence of multiple primary lung cancer（MPLC） is increasing. However， there is a lack of standard diagnostic criteria for MPLC. It is difficult to distinguish MPLC from pulmonary metastasis， especially when the same pathologic type of multiple lesions exists. Therefore， pathologic type， imaging features， clinical manifestations and molecular genetic characteristics should be considered. The emergences of new diagnostic techniques are an important supplement to the diagnosis of MPLC. Each lesion should be staged separately. Surgery should be the preferred treatment option with good prognosis. In this article，we make a review through summarizing the latest literature progress combined with our experience of the diagnosis and treatment for MPLC.