Chinese Clinical Oncology

Effects of kanglaite injection on the apoptosis induced by gefitinib in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line

ZHAO Na，WEI Suju，HONG Lei，WANG JunyanChinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 1.

Abstract ( 1395 )

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Objective To investigate the effects of Kanglaite injection（KLT）combined with gefitinib on the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. Methods MTT assay was applied to calculate the half inhibitory concerntration（IC50） of KLT acting on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells for 48 h，and detect the inhibition rates by treating A549 cells with KLT（5，10，20，40，80，100，160 μl／ml），gefitinib（0.1，0.5，1.0，5，10，20，40 μmol／L） and KLT（80 μl／ml） combined with different doses of gefitinib for 24，48，72 h. Flow cytometry（FCM） was employed to detect the cell apoptosis for 48 h. Immunocytochemical and RT-PCR methods were used to detect the protien and mRNA express of AKT2 and FAS，respectively. Cells without drug was set as blank control group.

ResultsMTT assay showed that IC50 of KLT acting on A549 cells for 48 h was 80 μl／ml. Compared with both single drug groups and control group， KLT combined with gefitinib could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. FCM showed that the cell apoptotic rates of combined group higher than those of both single drug groups and control group（P＜0.05）. Immunocytochemical and RT-PCR detection showed that compared with the control group， the FAS protein and mRNA levels of the KLT in combined group were increased， but AKT2 decreased（P＜0.05）. Conclusion The combination of KLT and gefitinib can induce cell apoptosis significantly. KLT may increase the sensitivity of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 for gefitinib.

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Influence of miR-125a on the proliferation，apoptosis and cell cycle of human hepatoma HepG2 cells

JIN Guoxian， SUN Weijuan， CHENG Cheng， LIU Ying.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 8.

Abstract ( 1354 )

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Objective To explore the influence of microRNA-125a（miR-125a） on the proliferation， apoptosis and cell cycle of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Methods The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qPCR） was employed to measure the miR-125a level in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell and normal liver 7702 cells. The eukaryotic expression plasmid vector pGenesil-1 was used to construct recombinant plasmid pGenesil-miR-125a. Meanwhile， a control plasmid pGenesil-control with random sequence was constructed. According to the experimental design， the HepG2 cells were divided into 3 groups： blank control group（HepG2 cells without transfection）， negative control group（HepG2 cells transfected with pGenesil-NC） and over-expression group（HepG2 cells transfected with pGenesil-miR-125a）. The qPCR was used to investigate the miR-125a level of three groups at 24， 48， 72 and 96 h after transfection. Tetrazolium salt（MTT） colorimetric assay was used to assess the proliferative responses of HepG2 at 24，48，72 and 96 h after transfection. The Hoechst staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the apoptosis index and caspase-3 activation rate to evaluate the apoptosis at 24 and 48 h after transfection. The cell cycle at 48 h after transfection was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining with the use of flow cytometry analysis. Western blotting was employed to analyze the protein levels of apoptosis related genes（Bcl-2， Bax and Cleaved caspase-3） at 48 h after transfection. Results The level of miR-125a in HepG2 cell was（0.24±0.06）， lower than that of 7702 cell（P<0.05）. MiR-125a level increased but proliferation rate decreased at 24， 48， 72 and 96 h after transfection in over-expression group versus negative control group with statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. In contrast to other two groups， there were elevated apoptosis index， caspase-3 activation rate， percentage of G0/G1 and protein level of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 but decreased percentage of S and G2/M phase and protein level of Bcl-2 with statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. Conclusion There is low expression of miR-125a in HepG2 cells， and the over-expression of miR-125a can inhibit the proliferation， induce cell apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest，playing as tumor suppressor gene in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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A preliminary study on radiosensitization effect of curcumin plus cisplatin on non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells

CAI Yong，WANG Jiying.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 13.

Abstract ( 1309 )

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Objective To explore the radiosensitization effect of curcumin plus cisplatin on non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Methods Cell viability at 24，48 and 72 h after treatment with different concentrations （10，20，50，100，200 μmol/L） of curcumin or（1， 2， 5，10，20 mg/L） of cisplatin were determined by MTT. According to the experimental protocol， the below experiments were carried out in irradiation （R） group， curcumin+irradiation （C+R） group， cisplatin+irradiation （P+R） group and curcumin+cisplatin+irradiation （C+P+R） group. The colony formation assay was employed to observe the surviving fraction （SF） of above four groups after X-ray irradiation of 0， 2，4，6，8，10 Gy. The artificial scratch， Transwell test and Western blotting were employed to detect the cell migration， invasion and protein level of epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） at 24 h after treatment in four groups. Results The cell viability of A549 cells gradually decreased with the increasing concentration of curcumin ranging from 10 to 200 μmol/L and cisplatin ranging from 1 to 20 mg/L in a dose- and time-dependent manner （P<0.05）. The SF of C+P+R group were lower than the remaining 3 groups under the dose of 2-10 Gy （P<0.05）. Compared with the R irradiation group， there was lower SF in C+R group under the dose of 4-10 Gy and P+R group under the dose of 2-10 Gy with significant difference （P<0.05）. Compared with R group, the sensitizing enhancement ratio were 1.24， 1.31 and 1.96 in C+R group， P+R group and C+P+R group， respectively. There were lower migration distance， transmembrane cell number and EGFR protein level in C+P+R group versus the remaining 3 groups （P<0.05）. Compared with the R group， the above indicators were also lower in C+R group and P+R group under the dose of 2-10 Gy with significant difference （P<0.05）. Conclusion Curcumin plus cisplatin can inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells with radiosensitizing effect and suppress its migration and invasion possibly via inhibition of EGFR signaling pathways.

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Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs4779584， rs4444235 and the susceptibility of colorectal cancer in Taizhou，Jiangsu Province

LI Yingchun， LI Lijun， QIU Yun， YE Jun，SHA Min.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 18.

Abstract ( 1216 )

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Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP） of rs4779584， rs4444235 and the susceptibility of colorectal cancer（CRC） in Taizhou area of Jiangsu province. Methods This hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 160 cases with CRC and 170 healthy controls. The association between the rs4779584，rs4444235 polymorphism and CRC was examined by the overall odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.
Results Genotype distribution of rs4779584 C/T and rs4444235 T/C was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg balance in both groups. Compared with the control group， the distribution of genotype and allele of two SNPs were statistically significant in disease group（P<0.05）. In rs4779584 C/T， when the CC genotype was used as the reference， the CT/TT genotypes were associated with the risk for CRC； when the CC/CT were used as the reference， the TT genotype was associated with the risk for CRC； when C allele was used as the reference， the T allele was associated with the risk for CRC（P<0.05）. In rs4444235 T/C， when the TT or TT/TC were used as the reference， the CC genotype was associated with the risk for CRC； when T allele was used as the reference， C allele was associated with the risk for CRC（P<0.05）.
Conclusion Carriers of TT homozygous or T allele at rs4779584 and CC homozygous or C allele at rs4444235 had increased susceptibility to development of CRC in Taizhou area of Jiangsu.

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GSTP1 and ABCC2 polymorphisms with the sensitivity of platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer of Xinjiang Uygur

HAN Zhigang，MA Ling，TAO Jie，SHAN Li.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 23.

Abstract ( 1357 )

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Objective To investigate the relationship between glutathione S-transferase P1（GSTP1） and ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2（ABCC2） genetic polymorphisms and the sensitivity of platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） patients of Xinjiang Uygur. Methods Genetic DNA were extracted from the venous of a total of 112 Uygur patients with advanced NSCLC who received platinum-based chemotherapy. Among the 112 patients， there were 32 cases of paclitaxel+cisplatin regimen， 29 cases of gemcitabine+cisplatin regimen， and 51 cases of pemetrexed+cisplatin regimen. The clinical response was evaluated after two cycles of chemotherapy. GSTP1 rs1695 and ABCC2 rs717620， rs2273697， rs3740066 were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method， and the relationship between GSTP1， ABCC2 polymorphisms and chemotherapy sensitivity was analyzed. Results The genotype frequencies of GSTP1 rs1695 and ABCC2 rs717620， rs2273697， rs3740066A were accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05）. After two cycles’ chemotherapy， there were 32 cases of PR， 61 cases of SD， and 19 cases of PD，and the sensitivity was 28.6%. Age， gender， pathological type， stage， ECOG score and chemotherapy were not related to sensitivity（P>0.05）. The GSTP1 rs1695 and ABCC2 rs717620 genetic polymorphisms， but not ABCC2 rs2273697 and rs3740066 were found to be related to the sensitivity（P>0.05）. Patients with GSTP1 rs1695 AA and ABCC2 rs717620 CT+TT genotypes showed the sensitivity of 50.0% compared to 16.7% of GSTP1 rs1695 AA and ABCC2 rs717620 CC（P<0.05）. Conclusion The GSTP1 rs1695 and ABCC2 rs717620 polymorphisms might be potential prognostic factors of clinical response in advanced NSCLC patients of Xinjiang Uygur receiving platinum-based chemotherapy.

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Expression and clinical value analysis of plasma miR-205， miR-212 and miR-429 in ovarian cancer

MU Peng， LI Liankun， JIA Haiqing， WANG Xiaobin.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 30.

Abstract ( 581 )

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Objective To explore the levels of plasma miR-205， miR-212 and miR-429 in ovarian cancer and analyze the relationship between the above indicators and clinical pathology parameters of ovarian cancer. Methods Plasma samples from 71 ovarian cancer patients before treatment were collected. The real-time quantitative RT-PCR （qRT-PCR） was used to detect the levels of miR-205， miR-212 and miR-429， and the clinical pathology parameters of ovarian cancer （age， clinical stage， degree of differentiation， histological type and lymph node metastasis） were collected. The clinical pathology parameters of patients with different levels of miR-205， miR-212 and miR-429 were compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） was employed to analyze the clinical value of plasma miR-205， miR-212 and miR-429 in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Meanwhile， the plasma samples from 68 healthy volunteers （healthy control group） and 66 patients with benign ovarian tumor （benign group） were collected as control. Results There were higher levels of miR-205 and but lower miR-212 and miR-429 in ovarian cancer group versus other two groups with significant difference （P all<0.05）. In ovarian cancer， the level of miR-205 was related with age， clinical stage， degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis， and miR-212 was related with clinical stage and degree of differentiation， and miR-429 was related with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis （P all<0.05）. The plasma level of miR-205 was negatively correlated with miR-212 and miR-429 （r=-0.572、-0.325）， and miR-212 was positively correlated with miR-429 with statistically significance （r=0.473，P<0.05）. The AUC， sensitivity and specificity of plasma miR-205， miR-212 and miR-429 in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer were 0.915， 92.1% and 86.2%， 0.944，87.3% and 91.0%， and 0.905， 88.5% and 83.6%. Conclusion There was higher expression of miR-205 but lower expression of miR-212 and miR-429. The plasma levels of the above indicators were related with clinical pathology parameters， showing a certain value in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

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A meta-analysis of irinotecan or etoposide plus platinum in the first-line treatment of extensive small cell lung cancer

WANG Wenxian， LING Mingzhu， SONG Zhengbo， ZHANG Yiping.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 36.

Abstract ( 1205 )

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Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of irinotecan plus platinum（IP） compared with etoposide plus platinum（EP） regimens in patients with extensive small cell lung cancer（ED-SCLC）. Methods We searched the Cochrane Library， Pubmed， Medline， CBM，CNKI，CBM and WanFang databases to collect the randomized controlled trials，in which IP regimen was compared with EP regimen as the first-line treatment of ED-SCLC published before May 2014. RevMan 5.2 software was used for meta-analysis. Results Nine studies involving 2229 patients were included. The result of meta-analysis showed that in patients with ED-SCLC， IP regimen was better than EP regimen in one-year survival rate（OR=1.32， 95%CI： 1.10~1.58， P=0.003） and there was no significant difference between the both groups in the effective rate（OR=1.13， 95%CI：0.90~1.41， P=0.29）. In the aspect of safety， the major adverse event for IP was more digestive toxicities， whereas EP was associated with more hematologic toxicities. Conclusion IP regimen shows more superiority and can be used as the first-line drug for ED-SCLC，who intoleranced to hematologic toxcities.

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Comparison of the efficacy of capecitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy in first-line and second-line treatment of advanced breast cancer

YAN Shi， MENG Qingwei，CAI Li.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 42.

Abstract ( 1180 )

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Objective To explore the efficacy of capecitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy in first-line and second-line treatment of advanced breast cancer. Methods From January 2010 to June 2013， 317 patients with advanced breast cancer were enrolled in this study. They were treated capecitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy with a cycle of 3 weeks. Tumor evaluation was performed according to RECIST 1.0 criteria and toxicities were evaluated according to NCI CTC 3.0. Patients receiving different chemotherapy regimes were followed up and the medium progression free survival （PFS） were compared. Results One hundred and eighteen and 78 patients can be evaluated in first-line and second-line treatment， respectively. Difference in first-line response rate （53.6% vs. 63.3%） and disease control rate （81.2% vs. 91.8%） of capecitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy has no statistical significance （P>0.05）. Similarly， no statistical significance was observed in second-line response rate （42.9% vs. 47.2%） and disease control rate （90.5% vs. 91.7%） between capecitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy. In first-line treatment， median progression-free survival （PFS） of patients receiving capecitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy were 15.6 and 12.4 months with statistical significance （P<0.05）. However， in second-line treatment， median PFS of patients receiving capecitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy were 11.1 and 12.8 without statistical significance in difference （P>0.05）. Adverse reactions mainly included hematological toxicity， nausea and vomiting， hand foot syndrome， asthenia， oral ulcers and diarrhea. Compared with platinum-based chemotherapy， there were lower incidence of grade 1-2 nausea and vomiting but higher incidence of hand-foot syndrome in the first-line capecitabine-based chemotherapy with statistical significance （P<0.05）. Lower incidence of fatigue and grade 1 nausea and vomiting and higher incidence of hand-foot syndrome were observed in capecitabine versus platinum-based chemotherapy in second-line treatment with statistical significance （P<0.05）. Conclusion Both capecitabine and platinum are effective in the first-line and second-line treatments of advanced breast cancer. Well-tolerated patients treated with capecitabineare had a longer PFS in first-line treatment.

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Clinical observation of chemotherapy plus combination of rh-endostatin and thalidomide for metastatic colorectal cancer

LIU Xiaoyan，SUN Yongkun， NILUPAI Abudureheiyimu， ZHANG Honggang.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 48.

Abstract ( 1252 )

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Objective To evaluate the antitumor activity and toxicity of chemotherapy plus rh-endostatin(endastar) and thalidomide for metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods Forty-seven patients with histologically or pathologically documented metastatic colorectal cancer who underwent endostar and thalidomide-based chemotherapy from January 2006 to January 2013 in our hospital were included in this study. Response to chemotherapy was assessed by RECIST criteria 1.0 and toxicity was evaluated according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria（NCI-CTC） 4.0. The above patients were followed up. Endostar was administered biweekly by intravenous infusion at a dose of 15 mg per day， d1~d10. Thalidomide was administered orally at a dose of 150/200 mg qn， d1~d10. The combined chemotherapy regimens included oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine（18 cases）， oxaliplatin and raltitrexed（1 case）， irinotecan and fluoropyrimidine（26 cases） and irinotecan and raltitrexed（2 cases）. Results The median overall survival in first， second and third-line setting were 26.1 months（95%CI： 21.9-30.2）， 15.3 months（95%CI： 9.5-21.0） and 7.5 months（95%CI： 4.2-10.7）， respectively. The median progression-free survival in first， second， and third-line setting were 12.1 months（95%CI： 8.6-13.7）， 7.9 months（95%CI： 4.7-11.2） and 4.2 months（95%CI： 1.5-7.0）， respectively. The overall response rates in first， second and third-line setting were 63.1%， 37.5% and 16.7%， respectively. The disease control rates in first， second and third-line were 84.2%， 68.7% and 66.7%， respectively. The main adverse reaction included leukopenia， neutropenia， anemia， nausea and vomiting， mainly in grade 1-2. The most commonly encountered grade 3 to 4 adverse events included neutropenia（8.5%）， thrombocytopenia（6.4%）， nausea（4.3%）， vomiting（4.3%）， constipation（4.3%）， fatigue（2.1%） and peripheral neuropathy（2.1%）. Conclusion Endostar and thalidomide plus chemotherapy have antitumor activity and are well-tolerated in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

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Cox regression analysis of prognosis in patients of gastric carcinoma with malignant ascites

YAN Xiangyong， YAN Zhongsheng， LIU Wenchao.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 53.

Abstract ( 1183 )

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Objective To explore the independent prognosis factors of long-term survival for patients of gastric carcinoma with malignant ascites. Methods From December 2011 to October 2013， 58 gastric cancer patients with malignant ascites receiving treatment in Xijing Hospital were included in this study. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis of prognosis was made by Log-rank method. Multivariable analysis of prognosis was used by Cox proportional hazad regression model. Results The median overall survival was 14.0 months. In univariate analysis， degree of differentiation， depth of invasion， liver metastasis， KPS score and therapeutic method correlated with the prognosis of the patients of gastric carcinoma with malignant ascites. Multivariate analysis revealed that degree of differentiation， depth of invasion， liver metastasis， KPS score and therapeutic method were independent risk factors of prognosis. Conclusion Degree of differentiation， depth of invasion， liver metastasis， KPS score and therapeutic method may serve as strong factors with gastric carcinoma. Dependent prognostic factors can guide the choice and practice of the therapy for gastric carcinoma with malignant ascites.

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Observation of raltitrexed and oxalipatin combined with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer

LI Defan， YANG Fan， JIANG Shunian， XU Xiujuan， LIU Bing， YAN Qingfang.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 57.

Abstract ( 1119 )

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Objective To explore the efficacy and toxic reaction of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy（3DCRT） with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer. Methods From September 2011 to April 2013， 42 patients were treated by 3DCRT（DT：60 Gy） and concurrent chemotherapy using raltitrexed（3 mg/m2， d1） and oxalipatin（130 mg/m2， d2） with a 28-day cycle. The concurrent chemotherapy lasted for 2 cycles.After radiotherapy， 2 cycles of the same regimen for consolidation chemotherapy were used 4-6 weeks later. Results All patients finished the radiochemotherapy and got complete remission in 18 cases（42.9%）， partial remission in 23 cases（54.8%）and stable disease in 1 case（2.4%） with the rate of total efficiency of 97.6%. The 1-and 2-year local control rates and survival rates were 90.5%， 71.4% and 85.7%， 60.7%. Main side effects were grade 1-2. The incidence of acute esophagitis， acute radiation pneumonia， gastrointestinal reaction， bone marrow depression and liver function injury were 95.2%， 23.8%， 73.8%， 42.9% and 19.1%, respectively. Conclusion Raltitrexed and oxalipatin combined with 3DCRT for advanced esophageal cancer patients is effective and well-tolerated. The value of addition of concurrent radiochemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer needs further investigation.

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Development of a lung cancer diagnostic kit

LIU Dalu， ZANG Linquan.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 61.

Abstract ( 1142 )

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Objective To develop and verify a diagnostic enzyme-linked immunosozbent assay（ELISA） kit in vitro for lung cancer by using lung cancer-related markers of neuron-specific enolase（NSE） and cytokeratin 19 fragment（CYFRA21-1） with high specificity and sensitivity.
Methods In vitro diagnostic ELISA kits were prepared by coating anti-NSE and anti-CYFRA21-1 antibodies at the bottom of the microtiter plates at a proper proportion. NSE and CYFRA21-1 antigens were used as research subjects. Coating buffer， packet time and packet temperature were investigated by detecting the index of stability， sensitivity and accuracy of ELISA kits. Results Period of validity of in vitro NSE and CYFRA21-1-based dual-color diagnostic ELISA kit for lung cancer was 6 months at 4 ℃. The sensitivity，specificity and accuracy of in vitro NSE and CYFRA21-1-based, dual-color diagnostic ELISA kit were 83.8%（129/154），53.8%（57/106） and 71.5%（186/260），which were higher than that of anti-NSE or anti-CYFRA21-1 antibodies diagnostic ELISA kits. And the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves was 0.90. Conclusion NSE and CYFRA21-1-based lung cancer dual-color diagnostic ELISA kit was successfully prepared， which could improve the sensitivity，specificity and accuracy of detecting lung cancer. And it was confirmed that it has the potential of developing into a new diagnostic molecular imaging reagent for lung cancer.

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Application value of liquid-based cytologic test and transbronchial needle aspiration in the mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer

CHEN Kai， WANG Wei， XU Hui，WU Zhengxia， LI Wei， YANG Rong.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 65.

Abstract ( 1166 )

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Objective To investigate the clinical value of liquid-based cytologic test（LCT） and transbronchial needle aspiration（TBNA） in the mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）. Methods The clinical data of 96 patients with NSCLC diagnosed by conventional electronic bronchoscopy from August 2011 to December 2013 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Mediastinal staging by TBNA were performed before operation. TBNA specimens were prepared by conventional smears（CS）and LCT, respectively. All patients subsequently underwent pulmonary resection with mediastinal lymph node dissection. The differences in the cytopathological diagnosis between the two preparation Methods in TBNA specimens were compared. The accuracy rate of mediasinal staging of NSCLC by LCT and TBNA was analyzed.Results 96 patients with 258 lymph nodes were punctured. TBNA procedures were successfully carried out in 519/539（96.29%）. The positive rate of TBNA specimens by LCT was 84.88%（219/258），while the positive rate of TBNA specimens by CS was 54.65%（141/258）. The difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The accuracy rate of mediasinal staging of NSCLC by TBNA of LCT smears was 93.75%（90/96）， which was higher than that of CS （62.5%，60/96）. The difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. Sixty-nine patients had no serious complications including massive haemorrhage or mediasinal infection by TBNA examination. Conclusion The combined method of LCT and TBNA can improve the accuracy of mediasinal staging of NSCLC， which has certain clincical application value.

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Analysis of radiotherapy setup errors of breast cancer sufferers immobilized by head-shoulder-truncus vacuum bags

HE Yaolin，LIANG Shixiong，HUA Li，HAN Qing，LEI Hao，HONG Chaoshan.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 70.

Abstract ( 1232 )

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Objective To analyze radiotherapy setup errors of breast cancer sufferers immobilized by head-shoulder-truncus vacuum bags and calculate the clinical target volume （CTV） enlarging to the planning target volume（PTV）. Methods Fifty-three patients were immobilized by the head-shoulder-truncus vacuum bags. Setup errors were analyzed using kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography （CBCT）. The data of the linear （X， Y and Z） and rotational （Xr，Yr and Zr） setup errors were collected. The statistics were used to estimate the performance of head-shoulder-truncus vacuum bags. According to the formula Mptv=2.5∑+0.7δ， the Mptvwas calculated. Results A total of 265 CBCT scans from 53 patients were done. The average absolute value of 265 linear errors were 2.50 mm， 2.40 mm and 2.20 mm at X， Y and Z axes，rotation errors were 1.13°， 1.11°and 0.94°at Xr， Yr and Zr axes， and the errors of X and Y axes compared with Z axis had statistical significance （P<0.05）. For the linear setup errors， the group systematic errors were 2.50 mm， 2.30 mm and 1.90 mm， and the group random errors were 2.50 mm， 2.20 mm and 2.20 mm at X， Y and Z axes. For the rotational errors， the group systematic errors were 1.03°， 1.10°and 0.95°at Xr， Yr and Zr axes， and the random errors were 0.79°， 1.15° and 0.72° at Xr， Yr and Zr axes. In accordance with formula， the Mptv were recommended as 8.00 mm， 7.30 mm and 6.30 mm at X， Y and Z axes. Conclusion The head-shoulder-truncus vacuum bag has good setup accuracy. The data of setup errors which measured by CBCT provide references for CTV enlarging to PTV， and increase the precision in breast cancer radiotherapy.

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Plastic surgical treatment and evaluation for cutaneous malignant melanoma of face

ZHANG Xianying， LIU Yi， XU Chengxin.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 75.

Abstract ( 969 )

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Objective To investigate the effects of surgical method for cutaneous malignant melanoma of face after surgical ablation. Methods From February 2007 to May 2014，9 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma of face were treated in our department. All the wounds were excised totally. Intraoperative frozen section was performed in order to monitor border line of tumor. The wounds were repaired by local flaps in 6 patients， full-thickness skin grafting in 2 patients，and free skin flap in 1 patient. Immunotherapy was selected as an accessory treatment after surgical ablation. Results Of 9 cases，the skin flap or skin grafts healed primarily. The appearance appeared very good in all cases after repair. Nine patients were followed up respectively from 3 months to 7 years post operation， and 2 patients died（among them， one patient died from other diseases）. No recurrence was found in other patients. Conclusion The effect of surgical treatment and immunotherapy for cutaneous malignant melanoma of face are sure. Free flap and local flap for repairing the facial skin defect can restore ideal appearance. It is an important method for radical dissection by intraoperative frozen section.

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Detection of EML4-ALK gene rearrangement in NSCLC by Ventana IHC and the challenges for diagnosis

WANG Xuan， YU Bo， MA Henghui， ZHOU Xiaojun， SHI Qunli， SONG Yong， WANG Jiandong.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 79.

Abstract ( 1189 )

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Objective To analyze the occurrence of EML4-ALK gene rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） detected by Ventana immunohistochemical staining （IHC）， as to explore the challenges of Ventana IHC and provide a reference for other hospital to carry out the examination. Methods In this study, 659 cases of NSCLC were retrospectively analyzed and part of samples were checked by qRT-PCR. Results The occurrence rate of EML4-ALk in adenocarcinoma was 8.78% and in squamous cell carcinoma was 4.49%. Total occurrence in NSCLC was 8.48%. All cases with IHC staining （-） and （+） were confirmed negative mutation with qRT-PCR. Five cases with IHC staining （+++） were positive confirmed by qRT-PCR. One out of 5 cases with IHC staining （++） was confirmed positive by qRT-PCR. Conclusion EML4-ALK predominantly occurred in lung adenocarcinoma. There are some challenges in diagnosis of Ventana IHC. All cases with IHC staining （++） need to be verified by qRT-PCR or other Methods .

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Progress of the relationship between HPIP and cancer

WANG Qian， OUYANG Xuenong， CHEN Xiong.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 83.

Abstract ( 1396 )

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With the rapid development of tumor molecular biology， molecular targeted therapy has become the most promising treatment of cancer and the study of molecular targets has been to be a hot topic for a long time. Remarkably， hematopoietic Pbx-interaction protein （HPIP）， a microtubule-binding protein， is a novel scaffolding protein. To date， according to the relevant literature， HPIP is closely associated with tumor growth， proliferation and metastasis. HPIP may be a new target for cancer therapy in the future. We review a representative set of resent studies and summarizes the progress of mechanisms and significance of HPIP in the development of malignant tumors.

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Advances in research and intervention of psychological problems in patients with malignant tumor

LIU Zhimin，LIU Wei.

Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2015, 20 (1): 87.

Abstract ( 1157 )

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With the transformation from the traditional biomedical model to bio-psychosocial medical model， psychological problems as malignant tumor etiology have become deeply studied into clinical research. Behavioral medicine research in recent decades indicated that complex psychological factors （such as anxiety， depression， pain， stress） have a certain relationship with the occurrence of some human malignant tumor. The role of psychological factors in treatment of malignant tumor is becoming more and more significant. Negativepsychological mood not only caused adverse effects on neoplastic disease transformation， but also can influence the quality of life of the patients. So in the malignant tumor treatment at the same time we should strengthen thesupport of psychological problems. According to some reports in the literature at home and abroad， this article makes a brief review on the psychological problems of patients with malignant tumor as follows.

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标准刊号：	ISSN 1009-0460
	CN 32-1577/R