Objective To investigate the effect of protein kinase D inhibitor SD-208 on the proliferation， apoptosis and cell cycle of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Methods The A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of SD-208 （5， 10， 20， 30 μmol／L）， and the cells treated with only complete culture was used as the control group. MTT method was used to detect the absorbance of A549 cells at 24， 48， and 72 h after treatment and the proliferation inhibition rates were calculated accordingly. Staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate （Annexin V-FITC） and propidium iodide （PI） was employed to measure the apoptotic rates at 24 and 48 h via flow cytometry. The distribution of cell cycle phase was measured by PI staining after treatment with SD-208 for 48 h. Expression levels of Cyclin A， Cyclin D1, Cyclin E，cyclin dependent kinase 4 （CDK4） and p16 protein were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group， SD-208 could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells （P＜0.05）， and the effect was exhibited in a dose- and time-dependent manner. As for SD-208 treated groups， apoptotic rates and percentages of G0／G1 phase cells were significantly higher than control group， and the proportion of S and G2／M cells were lower than those in control group （P＜0.05）. Compared with the control group， the levels of CDK4 and Cyclin D1 protein were decreased， and the level of p16 protein was increased after SD-208 treatment with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. SD-208 treatment had no effect on the level of Cyclin A and Cyclin E in A549 cells （P＞0.05）. Conclusion SD-208 could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and induce cell apoptosis and G0／G1 phase arrest， which may be related to its effect on cell cycle regulatory proteins.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of toxoflavin on proliferation， apoptosis and migration of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Methods The cultured A549 cells were treated with toxoflavin（0.5， 0.375， 0.25， 0.125 μmol／L） for 24 h and 48 h， the control group was treated with cell culture media only. CCK-8 assay was used to test the growth inhibitory rate and Annexin V／propidium iodide（PI）staining assay was applied to detect the apoptosis rate. The cell migration rate of 12 h， 24 h， 48 h were measured by the wound healing assay. Results The cell growth inhibition rates of A549 cells in experimental groups were （93.51±3.69）％，（40.38±3.08）％，（23.54±2.58）％，（13.07±2.37）％ in 24 h and（90.53±3.58）％，（53.72±3.02）％，（34.44±3.10）％，（24.78±2.43）％ in 48 h. The cell apoptosis rates of A549 cells in expremental groups were （78.68±2.22）％，（43.66±2.53）％，（20.81±2.59）％，（6.25±0.96）％ in 24 h and（88.66±3.16）％, （59.86±2.81）％，（27.89±3.48）％，（9.91±1.33）％ in 48 h， and those of control group were（1.57±0.52）％ in 24 h and（1.59±0.55）％ in 48 h respectively. The A549 cell migration rate of 12 h，24 h，48 h in experimental group（0.125 μmol/L） was 7％，11％ and 16％，but it was 14％，26％ and 39％ in control group. Conclusion Toxoflavin could significantly inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of A549 cells in a dose and time dependent manner， and it could also weaken the migration capacity of A549 cells.

Objective To determine the inhibitory effect of the synthetic RRM1 siRNA on the expression of RRM1 in human gastric cancer AGS cell lines and investigate the effect of RRM1 siRNA on chemosensitivity of AGS cells to oxaliplatin. Methods Three specific RRM1 interference fragment RRM1 siRNA1， RRM1 siRNA2 and RRM1 siRNA3 were constructed and transfected into gastric cancer AGS cells；meanwhile， blank control group and negative control group were set up. The expression of RRM1 mRNA and protein in the AGS cells were detected by qPCR and Western blotting， and the interfering fragment with best transfection effect was selected. CCK-8 and flow cytometry assay were used to determine cell proliferation and apoptosis of AGS cells treated by different concentrations of oxaliplatin. Results With the transfection of specific RRM1 interference fragment， compared with blank control group， the expression level of RRM1 mRNA for three groups of AGS cells（RRM1 siRNA1， RRM1 siRNA2 and RRM1 siRNA3） were reduced by 28％， 40％ and 82％， respectively. The relative protein expression of AGS cells in RRM1 siRNA3 group was 0.135±0.017， lower than 0.641±0.003 and 0.636±0.056 of blank control group and negative control group（P＜0.05）. siRNA3 interfering fragment was used in the following experiments. With different concentrations of oxaliplatin treated in each group for 24 h， the proliferation inhibited rate in RRM1 siRNA3 group was higher than those of the other two groups. The IC50 of oxaliplatin to RRM1 siRNA3 group， blank control group and negative control group were 3.34， 5.85 and 5.13 μmol／L. Gastric cells in RRM1 siRNA3 group treated by 3 μmol／L oxaliplatin for 24 h， the rate of apoptosis was（35.84±2.0）％， higher than（28.26±1.5）％ and（27.32±2.6）％ of negative control group and blank control group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Interfering the expression of RRM1 can effectively enhance the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to oxaliplatin. It provides a theoretical support for efficacy prediction of oxaliplatin-based regimen and individualized regimen design.

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcomes of surgical treatment on patients with synchronous sporadic and non-metastatic bilateral renal cell carcinoma（BRCC）. Methods In this retrospective study， 16 patients with synchronous sporadic and nonmetastatic BBRC were enrolled from 2000 to 2010. All patients underwent staged surgical procedures， including nephron-sparing surgery（NSS） and radical nephrectomy（RN）. According to the treatment protocol， 16 patients were assigned into unilateral RN followed by contralateral NSS（RN+NSS group， n=5）， unilateral NSS followed by contralateral RN（NSS+RN group， n=8） or bilateral NSS（NSS+NSS group， n=3）. The longterm oncological outcome and renal function were analyzed. Results A total of 33 renal tumors were found in the 16 patients， including T1a19 tumors（57.6％）， T1b 10 tumors（30.3％）， T2a 3 tumors（9.0％） and T3a 1 tumor（3.0％）. The incidence of acute renal failure in RN+NSS group， NSS+RN group and NSS+NSS group were 80.0％， 25.0％ and 0（P=0.028）， respectively. None of the patients required temporary or permanent dialysis. The 3-， 5-year disease-free survival rates were 93.8％ and 87.5％， and the corresponding overall survival rates were 100％ and 100％， respectively. Conclusion Staged surgical procedures are safe and efficient in the treatment of patients with synchronous sporadic and non-metastatic BBRC， resulting in the preservation of renal function and long-term cancer control. Our strategy was in general to first attempt NSS of the more favorable tumor， followed by NSS or RN of the less favorable contralateral tumor within 6 weeks. This approach allows the patient to recover from possible acute renal failure after NSS.

Objective To explore the value of virtual touch tissue quantification（VTQ） in the diagnosis of breast fibroadenoma. Methods One hundred sixtysix cases with 198 nodules of breast fibroadenoma confirmed by pathology underwent routine preoperative ultrasound and VTQ examination. The valid VTQ value was recorded and ROC curve was drawn using the average shear wave velocity（Vm） as to seek the diagnostic cutoff. Results Among the 198 nodules， VTQ value of 25 nodules was absent. We found that the Vm could be used to diagnosis the breast fibroadenoma with the area under the curve greater than 0.80. The sensitivity， specificity and accuracy of Vm in distinguishing fibroadenoma were 86.1％， 70.2％， 86.3％ when using 2.25 m／s as the cutoff. The blood flow signal of breast fibroadenoma had some affection on the VTQ value. The VTQ of fibroadenoma without blood flow signal was higher than that of fibroadenoma with blood flow signal（P＜0.01）. There were no significant difference of VTQ value among breast fibroadenoma with different diameters and different depths（P＞0.05）.
Conclusion VTQ has great value in the diagnosis of breast fibroadenoma.

Neuroendocrine neoplasm （NEN） is a heterogeneous tumor with variable biological behaviors and clinical pathological characteristics. The prognostic factors include histological grade， tumor size， primary tumor site and metastasis. Compared with other malignancies， neuroendocrine tumors are likely to grow slowly and metastasize early， but bone metastases has relatively good outcome. Both the relatively low incidence and heterogeneity contributed to the paucity of large epidemiological studies. We will review clinical and pathologic features of bone metastasis， imaging traits and therapeutic progress.

Mucinous cancer of the breast is generally recognized as a kind of invasive carcinoma with indolent biological behavior and relatively good prognosis. But in recent years a micropapillary pattern has been found in this kind of cancer with a morphology similar to invasive micropapillary carcinoma. The biological behavior of this subtype is more likely to lymph node metastasis and has a poor prognosis. However， the understanding about it in clinic is far from enough. In this review， the clinical characteristics， prognosis and research progress are depicted， so that people will have a clearer understanding on this subtype of breast cancer.